クリストファー ・ローウィ(Christopher W. Lowe)陸軍少佐(当時)は、米軍の|0を「戦闘(battle)のためにデザインされたものであり、理念の 戦い(battle of ideas)のためにデザインされたものではない」と指摘したが、海兵隊にとって情報は、 「戦闘のため」のものであり、同時に「理念の戦いのため」のものでもあるといえよう(前編「1」参照) 16
なお、グレイビー海兵隊情報担当副総司令官とカースティン・ヘクル(Karsten S. Heckl)戦闘開発・ 能力統合担当副総司令官の連名による2023年1月23日付の共同メモランダムにおいて、海兵隊はドク トリン用語としての0IEを廃止したカヾ、それはかえって海兵隊が考える情報の広さを示すものとなった。
共同メモランダムにおいてグレイビーとヘクルは廃止の理由を、2022年9月に統合参謀本部から刊行さ れたJP 3-04 Information in Joint OperationsがOIEを「行動様式を引き起こす要素(driver)に影響を 与えるための複数の情報戦力の運用を含む軍事活動」聽と、それを行う主体(「情報戦力」)と目的(「行動 様式を引き起こす要素」)で狭く定義したことから、海兵隊が考える0IEとの乖離が大きくなりすぎたこ とを挙げている。
バーガーが言及したRXRは「対立する勢 カ同士が相手の行動を観察、把握することを追求しつつ他方で相手のそうした取り組みを妨害」という もので、「情報とそれに基づき作戦を行うことが可能な十分な精度を持つインテリジェンスをかけた戦い (battle for information and actionable intelligence)J であるう6。
DC Iのウィリアム・サンプション(William Sumption)海兵隊中佐とベン・クロス (Ben Gloss)によれば、競争においてSIFは、敵対勢力を発見し、これに接近することで、その行動を 抑止、あるいは影響を与えることに意味がある、すなわち、「海兵隊全体が『敵の撃破』から『発見と接 近(locate and close with) Jに焦点をシフトさせている」と指摘したう5。
2 U.S. Marine Corps, Marine Corps Operating Concept: How Expeditionary Force Operates in the 21st Century (Washington, DC, 2016), 4, 8. 3 Ibid., 9,14. 4 Staff, CD &I &MCIA, “The Future Starts Now: Marine Corps Force 2025 Implementation and Information Warfare Capabilities,w Marine Corps Gazette,101,no. 8 (August 2017): 78, 79. -15 – NIDSコメンタリー第268号 5 Cheryl Pellerin, “Pentagon, Services Observe National Cybersecurity Awareness Month,w Department of t Defense, October 27, 2017, https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/1345718/pentagon-services-observe-national-cybersecurity-awareness- month/; and Jared D. Blake, “Deputy Commandant for Information: An Introduction,w Marine Corps Gazette,101,no. 9 (September 2017): 33, 34. 6 Commandant of the Marine Corps, “Subj: Establishment of Information as the Seventh Marine Corps Warfighting Function,w Marine Corps Bulletin 5400, January 17, 2019, secs. 2, 3. 7 Eric X. Schaner, ”Information and Uncertainty: New Forms of Conflict Are Possible,w Marine Corps Gazette, 104, no. 4 (April 2020):16. 8 Ibid. 9 Deputy Commandant, Combat Development and Integration and Deputy Commandant for Information, “Subj: Definition for Information Related Terms,w Joint Memorandum, DC I 1000 and DC CD&| 1000, January 22, 2020, https://mca-marines.org/wp- content/uploads/Definitions-for-Information-Related-Terms-JOIN「MEMORANDUM-22-JAN-2020.pdf. 10 Eric X. Schaner, “What Is Military Information Power?: The Post-Industrial Information Environment,w Marine Corps Gazette, 104, no. 4 (April 2020):18. 11菊地茂雄「沿海域作戦に関する米海兵隊コンセプトの展開ーー「前方海軍基地」の『防衛』と『海軍•海兵隊統合(Naval Integration)]— -J『安全保障戦略研究』第1巻第1号(2020年8月)72頁。 12 Deputy Commandant, Combat Development and Integration and Deputy Commandant for Information, “Subj: Definition for Information Related Terms.w 13 Schaner, “What Is Military Information Power?” 18. 14シャナーは軍事力が戦闘力と軍事情報パワーからなるものとして説明している。Ibid. 15 Joint Chiefs of Staff, Joint Concept for Operating in the Information Environment (JCOiE) (Washington, DC, 2018), 44. 16 Christopher W. Lowe, “From ‘Battle’ to the ‘Battle of Ideas’: The Meaning and Misunderstanding of Information Operations,” monograph submitted to the School of Advanced Military Studies, 2010,1. 17 Headquarters, Marine Corps, MCDP 6 Command and Control, Change 1(Washington, DC, 2018),1-17. 18 Joint Chief of Staff, JP 3-04 Operations in Joint Operations (Washington, DC, 2022), 1-9. 19 Deputy Commandant, Combat Development and Integration and Deputy Commandant for Information, “Subj: Cancellation of the January 2020 Marine Corps Joint Memorandum on Definition for Information related Terms,” Joint Memorandum, DC I 5000-82 and DC CD&| 5000-82, January 23, 2023, https://twitter.eom/PAO_kaylahaas/status/1620784325561290752/photo/l. 20 Headquarters, Marine Corps, MCDP 8 Information (Washington, DC, 2022), “foreword.” 21 Ibid., 2-7, 2-8. 22 Ibid., 2-7, 2-8, 2-9, 2-11, 23 U.S. Marine Corps, Marine Corps Operating Concept, 20. 24 Ellis Group, <421st Century Combined Arms: Maximizing Combat Power, Flexibility, and Responsiveness,” Marine Corps Gazette,100, no. 12 (December 2016), 24. 25 Ibid.
33 Ibid., 4-24. 34 Ellis Group, “21 Century Combined Arms,” 23, 24, 25. -16 – NIDSコメンタリー第268号 35 Matthew G. Glavy and Mr. Eric X. Schaner, “21st-Century Combined Arms: Gaining Advantage through the Combined Effects of Fires, Maneuver, and Information,w MCG, 106, no. 9 (September 2022): 6-12. 36 Ibid. 37 Staff, CD&| &MCIA, “The Future Starts Now: Marine Corps Force 2025 Implementation and Information Warfare Capabilities,w Marine Corps Gazette,101,no. 8 (August 2017): 78, 79.
なお、MEF司令部に対する支援機能はMIG内にMEF支援大隊(MSB)として維持されて し、る。
38 2nd Air Naval Gunfire Liaison Company, “History,w https://www.iimef.marines.mil/Units/2nd-ANGLICO/History/, accessed July 12, 2023. 39 Jacob Corl, “ANGLICO and OIE: The Marine Corps, Counter to Tittle Green Men’,” Marine Corps Gazette, 105, no. 9 (September 2021): 27, 28. 40 Ibid., 28. 41 Brian W. Schweers, Nathan E. Diller, Christopher G. Gibeily, “Joint All-Domain Effects: Developing Capabilities in the Fleet Marine Forces,” Marine Corps Gazette, 106, no. 9 (September 2022): 43, 44. 42 Ibid., 44. 43 U.S. Marine Corps, A Concept for Stand-in Forces (Washington, DC, 2021),4.
45 David H. Berger, “Preparing for the Future: Marine Corps Support to Joint Operations in Contested Littorals,w Military Review,101,no. 3 (May/June 2021):9. 46 Glavy and Schaner, “21st Century Combined Arms,” 10. 47 U.S. Marine Corps, Force Design 2030 Annual Update (Washington, DC, 2022). 4. 48 Walker Mills and Jacob Clayton, “Reconnaissance over Fires,” Marine Corps Gazette, 107, no. 2 (February 2023):30. 49 U.S. Marine Corps, A Concept for Stand-in Forces, 7,11,12,13. 50 Ibid.,11,12,13. 51 Senate Armed Services Committee, Statement of General David H. Berger Commandant of the Marine Corps as Delivered to the Senate Armed Services Committee on the Posture of the United States Marine Corps, 117th Cong., 1st sess., June 22, 2021,14. 52 U.S. Marine Corps, A Concept for Stand-in Forces, 7,11,12. 53 Matthew G. Glavy, “The Information Warfighting Function,w Marine Corps Gazette, 106, no. 4 (April 2022):10. 54 U.S. Marine Corps, A Concept for Stand-in Forces,12. 55 William Sumption and Ben Closs, “The Marine Corps Third Amphibious Realignment: The Reconnaissance Counter-Reconnaissance Enterprise,w Marine Corps Gazette, 106, no. 9 (September 2022): 21,22. 56 Matthew G. Glavy, “The Information Warfighting Function: How Stand-in Force Create and Exploit Information Advantages,w Marine Corps Gazette, 106, no. 4 (April 2022):10. 57 David H. Berger, “The Case for Change: Meeting the Principal Challenges Facing the Corps,w Marine Corps Gazette, 104, no. 6 (June 2020):10. 58 John Richardson and Ashley O’Keefe “Now Hear This – Read. Write. Fight,” Proceedings, 142, no. 6 (June 2016), https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/2016/june/now-hear-read-write-fight. -17 –
Tokyo Japan NIDS防衛研究所 National Institute for Defense Studies NIDSコメンタリー 第268号 2023年7月27日