米国と主要同盟国との二国間安全保障関連
条約•協定体制の比較分析
——軍事情報に関する一般保全協定(GSOMIA)の重要性——
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://stars.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/1574/files/KJ00000054371.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjCsMav4cKFAxWnk1YBHY9hDPQQFnoECBoQAQ&usg=AOvVaw0KQplMxZPd0spcs3WM4dTk
※ 非常に参考になった…。
※ 是非とも、一読をオススメする。
『松村 昌廣
!比較同盟体制という分析視角
2 ケース・スタディー
1) 英国 2)カナダ
3) オーストラリア 4)フランス
5) ドイツ 6)イスラエル
3日米同盟体制の特異性
4政策提言
•表1一1
表2 -1
表3-1
表4 一1
表5 —1
表6 -1
表7-1
•表1 一 2
表2-2
米英安全保障関連条約
米加安全保障関連条約
米豪安全保障関連条約
米仏安全保障関連条約
米独安全保障関連条約
協定体制
協定体制
協定体制
協定体制
協定体制
米•イスラエル安全保障関連条約•協定体制
米日安全保障関連条約•協定体制
米英同盟体制
米力口同盟体制
表3-2
表4-2
表5-2
米豪同盟体制
米仏同盟体制
米独同盟体制
表6 — 2 :米・イスラエル同盟体制
表7-2:米日同盟体制
•米仏「軍事情報に関する一般保全協定」(原文)
米・イスラエル「軍事情報に関する一般保全協定」(原文)
キーワード:安全保障条約•協定体制,軍事情報,
一般保全協定,GSOMIA
米国と主要同盟国との二国間安全保障関連条約•協定体制の比較分析 237
!比較同盟体制という分析視角
1991年末のソ連邦崩壊から約10年間の国際政治の展開においては,冷戦
構造という旧秩序が崩壊したものの,それに代わる新たな秩序は形成され
なかった。
この間,例えば,ブッシュ(父)政権(1989年一1993年)は唯
ーの超大国として米国の力と影響力を駆使して「新国際秩序」の構築を唱
えたが,いわゆる「ー超多強」の世界に直面してそのような秩序を自国主
導で構築することはできなかった。
軍事的には米国が絶対的優位を保持し
ていても,経済的には西欧諸国と日本は極めて大きな存在で,米国の優位
も相対的なものに過ぎず,さらに,戦略核兵器を持ち国連安全保障理事会
の常任理事国であるロシアと中国は政治力を行使して米国をさかんに牽制
した。
ところが,2001年9月11日のいわゆる「同時多発テロ」を契期に,今日,
テロ根絶の大義名分の旗の下,米国は地球大の反テロ同盟を結成し,覇権
を盤石なものとしつつある。
かって覇を競い合ったソ連の継承国である口
シアは反テロ同盟に積極的に加わり,今や実質上,米国の準同盟国となっ
た。
ロシアは米露間の対等性を戦略核兵器の次元で象徴的に保証していた
ABM条約の廃棄を事実上,受容し,米国の優位を飲んだ。
また,反テロ同
盟に包囲される形となった中国も米国に対抗するのではなく,反テロ同盟
には加わらないものの緩やかな協調姿勢を採っている。
米国はアフガニスタンでの対テロ・対タリバン政権への戦闘には勝利し
たものの,未だ反テロ戦争に最終的に勝利することができるのか,また,
大量破壊兵器保有によって米国覇権に挑戦しようと試みるいわゆる「悪の
枢軸(イラク,イラン,北朝鮮)」を打倒することができるのかについて明
確な見通しはない。
とはいえ,米国は反テロ同盟の結束力を維持するために,盟主としての
力と影響力を行使して同盟関係の管理の強化している。
米国は,9・11以
降に地政学的利害を共有するようになったできるだけ多くの国々と一時的
238 (桃山法学創刊号’03)
な連携関係(coalition)を構築する一方,反テロ同盟の核心として冷戦時
代以来の同盟関係(alliance)を強化している。
同盟は民主主義や資本主義
などの共有価値に基づき,条約・協定により制度化されている。
ところが,筆者の知るかぎり,同盟(alliance)が相互防衛援助条約,様々
な行政協定,覚え書きなど一連の法的文書により形作られていることはよ
<承知されていても,同盟が国際法上の法体制としてどのように具体的に
構築されているのかについて深い分析を試みた先行研究は案外存在しない。
同盟に関する先行研究はどうしても二国間の同盟関係を時系列で捉えた外
交史アプローチや法解釈的アプローチをとるものが殆どである。
同盟体制
の特徴を把握するためには,単に時系列の二国間の同盟関係のケース・ス
タディーを束ねるという視角だけでは不十分であり,体系的な比較分析を
おこなう必要がある。
対照,対比,比較を通じてのみ異なる二国間の同盟
体制の共通点や相違点が明らかになり,同時にその諸例の分散状況に照ら
して特定の同盟体制を特徴付けることが可能になるからである。
そこで本稿では米国務省法律顧問室条約担当官により毎年発行されてい
る『現行諸条約』の2001年度版に記載されている米国と主要同盟国との間
に締結されている条約,協定,覚え書きなどのうち,安全保障関連のもの
を抽出し,これらを分野別に分類し,時系列に羅列する。
当然,膨大な数
の条約等の内容に立ち入るのでなく,むしろ相互防衛援助条約等を基礎に
同盟の枠組みを定める協定や具体的な政策を施行するための覚え書きなど
が,どの分野にどのような順番で結ばれたのかを分析する。
とりわけ,い
づれかの協定が同盟体制全体を深める上で決定的な役割を果たしているか
どうかに注目する。
もちろん,内容の点で他の協定から孤立した単一の協
定であっても,極めて重要な場合もあろう。
しかし本稿では,複雑な同盟
関係の処理にはまず枠組みを決めた後に,個別の政策の具体的な内容をさ
らなる協定や覚え書きで定めるのが標準的な手法であると想定する。
ここ
では,いわば定量的な分析視角を採り,どの分野が協定の数や頻度の点で
発達しているのかを見極める。
そして,この観点から,以下に理由を示す,
米国と七つの主要同盟国との二国間関係を相互に対比,対照,比較するこ
米国と主要同盟国との二国間安全保障関連条約•協定体制の比較分析 239
とで,各々の二国間同盟の特徴を見い出すことを目指す。
本稿では,英国,カナダ,オーストラリア,フランス,ドイツ,イスラ
エル,日本,これら七つの主要同盟国と米国との安全保障関連条約・協定
体制を分析対象とする。
英国,オーストラリア,カナダは英連邦の国々で
あり,米国と言語,文化,価値観をなどを共有し,政治・経済•社会制度
などで共通する点が極めて多い。
これら三か国と米国は緊密な同盟関係に
ある。
とりわけ,米英同盟は共同攻撃作戦をおこなう特殊な関係にある。
フランスはしばしば同盟国として米国と共同軍事行動をとる。
しかし,一
般的な傾向としては,フランスは英国のように共同攻撃作戦をおこなうこ
とは少なく,むしろ米国の軍事行動の政治的正当性を支持することを目的
としているように思われる。
ドイツと日本は共に米国の,そして,米国と
緊密な同盟関係を有する英国,カナダ,オーストラリア,フランスの旧敵
国である。
また,ドイツは連合国としての米国,英国,フランスによって,
日本は主として米国によって占領され,主権を喪失した経験を持ち,その
占領の結果,今日でも広大な駐留米軍基地を抱えている。
今日,ドイツと
日本は米国の主要同盟国であり,ドイツは欧州において,日本は東アジア
において米軍事力の前方展開のための不可欠な拠点となっている。
イスラ
エルは中東において唯一の民主主義国であり,米国はこの国と非常に緊密
な同盟関係を有する。
米国はイスラエルに対して積極的,継続的に政治的
な支援を与え,軍事援助を与えてきた。
もっとも,イスラエル国内に米軍
基地及び米軍のプレゼンスは存在しないし,両国の軍隊は共同作戦をおこ
なったことはない。
以上,七つの同盟関係のケースを英国,カナダ,オーストラリア,フラ
ンス,ドイツ,イスラエル,日本の順番で分析することで,各々の同盟体
制の特徴を明らかにし,その結果を比較分析することで,日米同盟体制の
特異性が明らかにしたい。
これまで,「日米同盟をいかに強化すべきカ、」と
の議論は概ね政策の次元でのみ検討され,制度化の次元で具体的に検討さ
れてはこなかった。
本稿の視点は,最小のコストで最大の効果を挙げるた
めには,つまり,必要以上に米国に譲歩せず日本にとって有利な形で同盟
240 (桃山法学創刊号’03)
を強化するためには,どの分野を重視し,どのような協定を優先して締結
すべきかを示すことを可能にする。
2 ケース・スタディー
1)英国
本稿で取り上げた七つ同盟のうち,米英同盟は一般的に最も緊密なもの
と知られているが,その点は協定の絶対数と分野の数と広がりにおいても
群を抜いていることでも具体的に示されている。
「表1一2 :米英同盟体
制」は「表1一1:米英安全保障関連条約•協定体制」を簡略化し分類し
たものであり,星印の数は条約•協定の数,つまり諸分野における相対的
な重要性を示している。
米英同盟で特徴的な点は,「基地・施設」と「兵器
生産・研究開発」の分野の条約・協定の数が極めて多い点である。
その数
は,他の六つの同盟関係と比較して最も多い。
また,「ミサイル発射実験場」,
「ミサイル供給・ポラリス潜水艦」や「海洋調査」の分野,つまり,戦略
核兵器関連技術の共有やそれに先立つ共同開発•実険を巡る具体的な取り
決めが多いことも顕著である。
さらに,戦術情報である「早期警戒」でだ
けでなく,戦略情報の収集に関係する「諜報協力」と「通信施設」に関す
る取り決めがあるのも見逃せない。
当然のことながら,これらの緊密な関
係に伴って,両国間の「(軍事関連)要員の交流・訓練」に関する協定も具
備されている。
第一に,「基地施設」分野の取り決めでは,対象となっている基地の所在
が英国本土よりはむしろ,アセシオン島,バミューダー島,ヴァージン諸
島,ディエゴ・ガルシア島など,大英帝国の遺産として英国が保有してい
る海洋の戦略的拠点に集中している点が注目される。
米国の軍事覇権がか
って覇権国であった英国の軍事遺産を引き継ぐ形で可能になったことが伺
える。
第二に,このように米国覇権を支える英国に対して,米国は「ミサイル
供給」や「ミサイル発射実験場」に関する取り決めを結び,ソ連に対する
米国と主要同盟国との二国間安全保障関連条約•協定体制の比較分析 241
核戦略上,抑止力の柱である原子力潜水艦の第二撃報復攻撃能力を英国に
与えるため「ポラリス潜水艦」に関する協定を結んでいる。
米国は英国と
だけこの種の協定を結んでいる。
さらに,潜水艦の効果的な運用を可能と
するため,米英間には「海洋調査」の協定もある。おそらく,海底の地形,
海流,水温など潜水艦の隠密行動に不可決の情報を収集することが目的で
あろう。
第三に,注目すべきは,米英間には航空電子分野に集中した形で,「兵器
生産」や「兵器の共同研究•開発」の協定等が多く存在する。単にハード
ウェアの技術移転だけではなく,ソフトウェア,戦術データ,暗号情報な
ども移転する取り決めが存在する。
軍事技術分野における情報の流れは主
として米国から英国への一方通行的であるが,「早期警戒」,「諜報協力」,
「通信施設」の分野の協定の存在に注目すると,戦略・戦術情報の収集や
分析の点で英国から米国への情報提供も充分になされる仕組みになってお
り,全体としては,両国の間での情報のながれは同等でないにしても,あ
る程度,相互性が確保されていると考えられる。
第四に,戦略的な次元と諜報・情報分野における密接な関係を制度上,
保証しているものとして「軍事情報における一般保全協定(GSOMIA: a
General Security of Military Information Agreement)」と各種の軍事技
術の特許などに関する協定がある。
後者の特許関連の取り決めについては,
本研究の分析対象である七か国のうち,英国が最も多数の協定を米国と結
んでおり,おそらくその内容も最も詳細であると思われる。
このような深
い情報共有の関係を可能にしているのが,制度上,GSOMIAであることに
疑いの余地はない。
ただし,本研究の分析視角の制約のため,ここでは,
米英同盟における戦略的利害の共有が信頼感の高さや情報の共有に繫がっ
たのか,逆に,両国の信頼感の高さが情報の共有や戦略的利害の共有に繫
がったのか,その因果関係は特定できない。
米英間のGSOMIAに内容に関しては,残念ながら公表されていない。
例えば,僅かに1988年に締結された「米英軍事情報交換協定(The Master
Information Exchange Arrangement)」において1961年に締結された
242 (桃山法学創刊号,03)
GSOMIAの存在が確認されるのみである。
他方,米国を一方とし,英国,
カナダ,オーストラリア,ニュージランドを他方とする二か国間条約によっ
て,グローバルな広がりを持つ盗聴システム「エシュロン」の存在が明ら
かになっている。
米英間の盗聴同盟協定は1948年に締結されたと言われて
いる。
GSOMIAがこの盗聴協定を改訂したものかどうかはその内容が秘
密扱いであるが故に分からない。
いずれにしてGSOMIAが盗聴やそのシ
ステム運用に関する重要な制度上の取り決めを含んでいると推定される。
2)カナダ
米国務省(編)『現行諸条約』を一瞥した限りでは,米・カナダ間の
GSOMIAの存在を確認できなかった。
しかし,「諜報協力」の分野では,
会話記録(narrative records)の電子的方法による情報交換に関する協定
が二つ(1976年と1981年に各々締結)存在する点が注目される。
既に盗聴
協定と盗聴システム「エシュロン」の存在が広く認められており,本研究
により米英間のGSOMIAの存在が確認された以上,具体的な名称はとも
かく,米ira間にもgsomiaが存在すると推定できる。
そこで,そのよう
な想定を下に,「表2 —1:米加安全保障関連条約・協定体制」とこれを分
類・簡略化した「表2 —2 :米加同盟体制」を作成した。
一般的に非常に緊密であると評価される米加同盟は対等の関係からは
程遠く,米国がカナダをその安全保障体制に深く組み込む形となってい
る。
米加同盟で最も特徴的な点は,「早期警戒情報」と「北米防空司令部
(NORAD: North American Aerosapce Defense Command)」に関する
取り決めが非常にきめ細かいことと,さらに,そのためにカナダ国内に共
用の早期警戒レーダー基地・施設を置く具体的な協定が数多く結ばれてい
ることにある。
カナダはアラスカと米国本土とともに北米大陸を構成し,
米国から見れば,北極海を挟んでのソ連との核戦争を想定した場合,カナ
ダの国防を物理的に米国の国防と切り離すことはできなかった。
ソ連側か
らの核ミサイルや戦略爆撃機に関する早期警戒情報を得る上でも,ミサイ
ルや航空機などによる効果的な迎撃をおこなう上でも,米加は一体化する
米国と主要同盟国との二国間安全保障関連条約•協定体制の比較分析 243
必要があった。
このため,米国はカナダと北米全体を防衛するため,米軍
将官を司令官,カナダ軍将官を副司令官とする合同司令部を設け,カナダ
を米国の軍事システムに組織面でもシステム・ハードウェアの面でも完全
に組み込んできた。
このような枠組みの下,米加間には「武器移転・調達」,「兵器生産」,「軍
事技術の共同研究•開発」の分野における多くの協定等を通じて相互運用
性を高める取り決めが存在する。
もちろん,軍事技術・情報は圧倒的に米
国からカナダに流れる仕組みとなっている。
また,「(軍事)要員の交流・
訓練」や「兵站・経済協力」の分野についても,このような米国の圧倒的
な優位を前提にした一連の協定が存在する。
3)オーストラリア
米国務省(編)『現行諸条約』を一瞥した限りでは,米・オーストラリア
間のGSOMIAの存在を確認できなかった。
しかし,カナダと同様,既に
盗聴協定と盗聴システム「エシュロン」の存在が広く認められており,本
研究により米英間にGSOMIAの存在が確認された以上,具体的な名称は
ともかく,米豪間にGSOMIAカヾ存在すると推定できる。
そこで,そのよ
うな想定を下に,「表3 —1:米豪安全保障関連条約・協定体制」とこれを
分類・簡略化した「表3-2 :米豪同盟体制」を作成した。
一般的に非常に緊密であると評価される米豪同盟は対等の関係からは程
遠く,米国がオーストラアリアを利用する形となっている。
米豪同盟で最
も特徴的な点は,他のケースにはない「宇宙関連実険」の取り決めがあり,
「通信施設」や「要員交流・訓練」についての協定が際立っている点であ
る。
これは,米国が静止軌道上に四基展開する赤外線早期警戒衛星を運用
する防衛支援衛星システム(DSP: Defense Support System)からの情報
のうち,直接,米本土で受信できない電波情報を一旦,オーストラリアの
通信施設で受信し,米側に送信しなおしていることを反映している。
また,
盗聴システム「エシュロン」によって,商業通信衛星からの電波を傍受す
るうえでもオーストラリアでしか傍受できないものについては,これらの
244 (桃山法学創刊号’03)
取り決めによる基地•施設や米国より派遣された要員による傍受活動がな
されていると推定される。
米豪同盟関係には「兵器の研究・開発」「兵器の共同開発」など他の分野
の取り決めも存在するが,あくまで両国の関係の核心は,米国が軍事覇権
を維持する上で,オーストライアを軍事情報,とりわけ,早期警戒衛星や
盗聴システムによる情報を収集する拠点として利用することにあるといえ
る。
つまり,オーストラリアは情報収集拠点として利用されることに同意
する代償として,その他の便宜を米国より獲得しているといえる。
4)フランス
米・フランス間の同盟関係は既に検討した英国,カナダ,オーストラリ
アなど,いわゆるアングロサクソンの英語国と比べて緊密度はかなり低い
とよく言われる。
というのは,フランスは米国の危機や資本主義•民主主
義世界全体の危機には米国と共闘するが,しばしば米国の外交•安全保障
政策に異を唱え,米国の覇権主義的な国際行動には抵抗するからである。
フランスは「エシュロン」を運用するアングロサクソン盗聴同盟には入っ
ておらず,当然,状況によっては,その敵対的な諜報活動の対象となって
いることが知られている。
このことは,「表4 —1:米仏安全保障関連条約•協定体制」とこれを分
類・簡略化した「表4 一2 :米仏同盟体制」で明らかなように,両国間に
締結された条約•協定の状況に示されている。
1950年には米仏相互防衛援
助条約が結ばれたが,その後,1977年にGSOMIAが締結されるまで両国
の同盟体制は殆ど有意義な発展を見せていない。
僅かに,1950年後半や1960
年代に,フランスの基地・施設を米国に使用させる協定,軍事技術関連の
特許に関する協定,米国製兵器の供与・移転に関する基本的な協定が結ば
れたのみである。
この間,フランスは北大西洋条約機構(NATO)の加盟
国としては留まったものの,NATOの軍事機構からは離脱した。
このため,
米仏間にはフランスに駐留するNATO軍や米軍に関する取り決めがごく
例外的なもの以外,存在しない。
米国と主要同盟国との二国間安全保障関連条約•協定体制の比較分析 245
ところが,この状況は1977年のGSOMIAの締結によって一変する。
とりわけ,1985年以降,コンピューター情報•通信技術や高度素材技術など,
軍事ハイテク技術分野の情報交換,共同開発,技術者・エンジニアの交流・
交換などのについて一連の取り決めが次々と締結された。
1995年には,指
揮・統制システムの相互運用性に直結するコンピューター通信•情報の協
力に関する協定が結ばれたのが決定的な転換点であると言えよう。
これに
より,フランスは米国との緊密な共同軍事作戦を視野に入れ,デジタル技
術を用いた戦術情報の効果的かつ効率的な共有に踏み出したことになる。
留意すべきは,顕著な同盟関係の変容がGSOMIAの締結を契機にお
こったことと,このGSOMIAが公開されている点にある。
つまり,フラ
ンスはアングロサクソン盗聴同盟に入っておらず,そのインナー・サーク
ルのメンバー国,つまりインサイダーではないから,米国にとってフラン
スとのGSOMIAの内容は秘密にする必要はない。
資料として本稿の末尾
に掲載しているこの協定から分かるように,この程度の一般的な性格を有
する情報保全協定を結べば,米国は米軍との共同作戦に必要な戦略•戦術
情報を同盟国に供与する準備があることを示唆している。
もっとも,同盟
国が米国と共同軍事作戦をおこなう意思があることが前提となろう。
5)ドイツ
ドイツは第二次世界大戦の敗戦国•旧敵国であり,米国を中心としたア
ングロサクソン盗聴同盟のインナー ・サークルに入っていない。
また,フランスとも異なり,米国とGSOMIAを締結していない。
米独同盟を緊密
であると評価する場合は,明らかにこれまで検討してきた四か国の場合と
判断の基準が異なる。
米独同盟に特徴的なことは,「表5-1:米独安全保障関連条約•協定体
制」とこれを分類•簡略化した「表5-2 :米独同盟体制」に示されるよ
うに,「軍事技術移転・特許」や「兵器生産・共同開発」の分野の協定が極
めて多いことである。
この事実は,米独同盟の緊密さが軍事関連情報の幅
広い共有によってではなく,もっぱら米国からドイツへの兵器供与や兵器
246 (桃山法学創刊号’03)
関連技術の移転を軸にもたらされたことを物語っている。
この方法はドイ
ツ軍に米軍と同じ兵器や同じ兵器技術を用いた兵器を使用させるが,ドイ
ツが独自に軍事的な判断を下し,独自に作戦行動をおこなうために必要な
情報を与えないともいえる。
米独同盟ではGSOMIA締結されておらず,包括的な軍事関連情報の保
全は制度上,担保されていない。
たしかに,軍事技術情報の保全や特許に
関する協定(1956年,1959年)や個別の売買契約における秘密遵守条項に
より,個別の軍事技術情報の保全はかなりの程度可能であると思われる。
しかし,一連の協定により移転された技術は,ミサイル技術やハードウェ
ア技術が殆どであり,情報・通信関連の技術や戦術データの移転はその内
容や範囲の点で極めて限定的であると考えられる。
つまり,個別の兵器に
ついての技術移転ばかりで規模の大きな兵器システムのレベルでの技術移
転が殆どなされてこなかったといえる。
6)イスラエル
米・イスラエル間の同盟関係は「表6-1:米・イスラエル安全保障関
連条約•協定体制」とこれを分類•簡略化した「表6 — 2 :米•イスラエ
ル同盟体制」に示されている。
両国の同盟関係は緊密であるにもかかわら
ず,形式的には議会による批准を必要とする相互防衛援助条約ではなく,
それに代わる行政協定に基づいている。
このため,米国はイスラエルに武
器・兵器や軍事技術の供与など,軍事援助を与えることはしても,直接に
米軍部隊をイスラエル国土に派遣•駐留させたり,イスラエル軍と共同作
戦をとることを避けてきた。
もっとも,イスラエルに対する軍事援助は毎
年,形式的には法律である米連邦予算として議会の承認を得ているから,
この行政協定は予算を通じて実質的に議会の承認を獲得し続けてきたとも
言える。
米国はイスラエルの建国以来,その生存を強く支援しており,本
研究でとりあげる他の六か国のケースとは異なり,唯一,軍事援助を与え
ている。
注目すべきは,米・イスラエル同盟が形式的には水準の低いものである
米国と主要同盟国との二国間安全保障関連条約•協定体制の比較分析 247
にもかかわらず,GSOMIAを締結するなど,非常に緊密な同盟関係を維持
している点である。
イスラエルはアングロサクソン盗聴同盟に入っておら
ず,しばしば,その敵対的な諜報活動の対象となってきたことカヾ知られて
いる。
しかし,イスラエルは米国と1963年に交わした情報保全に関する覚
え書を改定する形で1982年には米国とGSOMIAを締結し,この協定は公
開されている。(本稿の末尾に全文,原文のまま協定を掲載してあるので参
照して頂きたい。)
この協定により,両国間では緊密な諜報協力がなされる
とともに,軍事関連情報の包括的な秘密保全が達成されている。
GSOMIA
締結後,1986年には軍事技術協力の原則的な協定が結ばれ,徐々にこの分
野での協力関係は高度化されてきた。
1999年には最も高度なコンピュー
ター通信・ 情報 システム 技術 である 弾道 ミサイル防衛 システム の共同研究
のための協定を締結するに至った。
この分野は,米軍事技術の粋と言える
分野であり,両国の同盟関係の深さを示している。
高度の軍事通信・情報
システム分野における技術の共有に限れば,米・イスラエル同盟の緊密度
に比するのは米英同盟だけであり,米加,米豪の同盟関係はこの水準に達
していない。米仏,米独の同盟は明らかに劣ると言えよう。
3日米同盟体制の特異性
日米同盟の特徴は,「表7-1:日米安全保障関連条約•協定体制」とこ
れを分類•簡略化した「表6-2 :日米同盟体制」で示されるように,米
独同盟のケースに類似している。
日独両国は第二次世界大戦の敗戦国・旧
敵国であり,アングロサクソン盗聴同盟に入っておらず,米国とGSOMIA
を結んでいない。
また,米独同盟の場合と同じく,日米同盟においても「軍
事技術の研究•開発」や「基地・施設」の分野の協定が極めて顕著である。
つまり,基本的には米独同盟の場合と同じく,このような特徴は,日米同
盟の緊密さが軍事関連情報の幅広い共有によってではなく,もっぱら米国
から日本への兵器供与や兵器関連技術の移転を軸にもたらされたことを物
語っている。
この方法は我が国の自衛隊に米軍と同じ兵器や同じ兵器技術
248 (桃山法学創刊号’03)
を用いた兵器を使用させるカヾ,我が国が独自に軍事的な判断を下し,我が
国に独自に作戦行動をおこなうために必要な情報を与えないことを意味す
る。
米独同盟と異なる点は,まず,日米同盟において「軍事技術の研究開発」
の協定が当初のいわゆるライセンス生産から共同開発に高度化し,さらに
これが共同開発の水準に達していることである。
次に,米独同盟おいては
技術移転が個別のハードウェア技術や限定的な電子技術に集中していたの
に対して,日米同盟では高度な素材技術だけでなく,軍事航空関連産業を
中心に航空電子技術からコンピューター情報•通信技術へとシステム統合
技術の方向へ急速に進化している点にある。
米国が軍事力の優位を保持す
るために秘匿するソフトウェア,戦術データ,暗号情報,そして,システ
ム統合技術以外のサブ・システムの諸分野で日本が米国に肉迫しているこ
とカヾ伺える。
つまり,日米同盟は個別の軍事技術を移転する従来のアプローチで深化
させるには既に限界に達しているといえる。
単純化すれば,今後は現状で
日米同盟を固定させるか,もしくはソフトウェア,戦術データ,暗号情報,
そして,システム統合技術の分野での米国から日本への技術・情報の移転
を進めるかの,いづれかを選択せざるをえない。
後者を選択するというこ
とは,その前提条件として,日米双方が自衛隊による米軍との共同軍事作
戦の実施が必要でありかつ望ましいと合意したうえで,その前提条件であ
るGSOMIAを締結することを要求する。
他方,日米同盟を現状で固定し
た場合,米国と他の同盟国には見られない特異な特徴を,部分的な改善を
加えることができるとしても,基本的には温存することになる。
つまり,
「表7-2 :日米同盟体制」で明らかなように,ホスト・ネーション・サ
ポートを含めた「基地・施設」分野の広範な取り決めだけでなく,他の同
盟国には全く見られない米国への直接的な「資金提供(financial contribu-
tion)」の協定を結ぶというパターンをこのまま維持することになる。
この
場合,これまでのように,米国にとって日本はもっぱら基地を提供し,必
要な資金を提供するのが役割となる。
米国と主要同盟国との二国間安全保障関連条約•協定体制の比較分析 249
4 政策提言
21世紀初頭,米国の国際行動様式に独善性が顕著になってきたとはいえ,
日米両国は基本的には経済・社会の面では資本主義,政治の面では民主主
義を基本的な価値として共有している。
しかも,当面,米国が絶対的な軍
事的優位を保ち,軍事覇権を固めようしていることを踏まえると,現実的
な選択として,我が国は日米同盟の強化を選択せざるをえないだろう。
このように捉えると,本稿で採った比較同盟体制の分析視角から明らかに
なったことは,GSOMIA締結の重要性である。
そこで,我が国はとりあえず米仏間,米・イスラエル間のGSOMIAと
同じ程度の内容を持つ協定の締結を目指すべきであろう。
これには消極的
な理由と積極的な理由の双方がある。
まず,消極的な理由については,か
りに我が国が万全の国内情報保全法令(いわゆる,反スパイ法)を制定し
たとしても,非常に緊密な米英同盟や他のアングロサクソン同盟国が締結
している水準のGSOMIAは締結は難しいと思われる。
我が国がこのイン
ナー ・サークルに入るには,形式的には「エシュロン」を運用する排他的
なアングロサクソン盗聴同盟に加盟しなければならない。
実質的には,こ
れらアングロサクソン同盟国と基本的価値や利害をさらに強く共有した上
で,これまで敵対的な諜報対象となってきたことに如実に示される我が国
に対する不信感もしくは信頼感の欠如を払拭して,高い信頼関係を築かな
くてはならない。
(より悲観的な見方によれば,このような信頼関係の構築
は人種,文化,言語の壁のために基本的には不可能である。)
他方,積極的
な理由については,フランスやイスラエルはGSOMIAを締結しても,個
別の国際政治の曲面では米国に対して独自の立場,判断,行動をとってき
た点に求められる。
つまり,米国がアングロサクソン同盟国に与えている
水準の軍事的,軍事情報上の便宜を米国から享受できなくとも,政治的独
立と軍事的自律性を充分,確保していることのほうがより重要であると思
われる。
250 (桃山法学創刊号’03)
フランスとイスラエルが締結したGSOMIAの要点は以下の八項目に要
約される。(我が国では未だGSOMIAが全く紹介されていないので,巻末
に双方とも掲載しておく。)
驚くべきことに,米国と両国とのGSOMIAの
内容は殆ど同一である。つまり,秘密扱いされているGSOMIAを含めて,
現在,約50近く存在するGSOMIAにおいて以下の八項目がその基本的な
原則であると推定される。
VI>情報保全,第三者に対する情報移転,知的財産権に関する規定。
< 2 >政府間の秘密情報移転のメカニズム。
< 3 >秘密情報の定義。
< 4 >諜報専門官による相互訪問規定。
< 5 >情報漏洩の場合の捜査の要件
< 6 >産業上の秘密保全の手続き。
<7>訪問要請の手続き。
< 8 >秘密の分類水準に関する制限。
GSOMIAの鍵は,「情報の提供を受ける当事国はその情報に関して情報
を提供するもう片一方の当事国が当該情報に施している情報保全と同程度
の保全措置をとる義務がある」点である。
これは形式的には,米国と同盟
国との間に秘密保全義務についての相互性を実現しているように見える。
しかし,通常,秘密情報のかなりの割り合いを占める部分が米国より同盟
国に供与され,米国が圧倒的に体系的でかつ詳細な保全法令を具備してい
ることを考慮すると,事実上,GSOMIAは同盟国に対して米国の秘密保全
関連の法令に従うことを要求する。
とりわけ,同盟国側での秘密漏洩やい
わゆるスパイ行為にたいして,米国の秘密保全関連の法令が科する刑事罰
と同程度のものを科することを要求する。
従来,我が国の外務当局はGSOMIAの締結に極めて消極的であった。
これは,行政協定であるGSOMIAの締結には閣議了承が必要であり,こ
の了承を獲得することが困難と考えられたからである。
さらに,行政協定
には国会の批准は必要ないとはいえ,実際,GSOMIA締結は秘密保全強化
のために日米安保条約に関する刑事特別法の改正を要求する。
我が国外務米国と主要同盟国との二国間安全保障関連条約•協定体制の比較分析 251
当局はこの手続きを踏むことが極めて困難と見て,GSOMIA締結に極め
て消極的な態度をとり続けてきたと考えられる。
また,従来,軍事技術移転の実務レベルでもGSOMIA締結の必要性は
それほど高くなかった。
というのは,日本が米国から導入する兵器は日米
政府間の売買契約であるFMS (Foreign Military Sales)形式で「輸入」
(米国側から見れば,「輸出」)されてきており,個別の契約書に当該兵器
や当該技術の移転に伴う秘密保全条項がその度に定められていたからであ
る。
この段階での秘密保全は概ねこのような個別的な対処で充分であった
と日米間に暗黙の合意が存在したと推定される。
しかし,現在,日米の軍
事技術協力関係は個別の兵器やプラットフォームを巡る水準からコンピュ
ーター通信•情報技術を中心にシステム統合技術を含む水準に達している。
この水準では,様々な個別技術,戦術データ,暗号情報技術が統合・融合
され,全ての秘密は相互に密切に関連しているから,どうしても包括的な
秘密保全が必要になってくる。
他方,戦略レベルでは,日本が極東のソ連軍からの軍事的脅威に主とし
て日本本土防衛という形で米国の世界戦略に組み込まれている限り,米国
が日本に与える秘密情報は質と量の両面で極めて限定的であったから,日
米間に包括的な秘密保全は必要不可欠ではなかったであろう。
ところが,
ソ連が崩壊して既に十年が経過した今日,米国の安全保障政策の重点は戦
略的競争相手である中国だけでなく,テロ対策やいわゆる大量破壊兵器の
拡散やその担い手たる,いわゆる「無法国家」に対抗することに移った。
この結果,米国にとって日本とのより水準の高い諜報協力や共同軍事作戦
カヾ必要となってきた。
21世紀初頭,米国の軍事覇権は固まり,米国一極化の方向へ国際政治は
新たな構造的な転換を見せつつある。
このような文脈において,我が国は
日米同盟を強化するかどうかかの岐路にさしかかっている。
本稿で示した比較同盟体制の視角から明らかなことは,日米同盟を現状
で固定し強化しないと選択することは,我が国が米国に基地と資金を提供
し続けること,つまり,基地と資金を提供することで本格的な共同軍事作
252 (桃山法学創刊号’03)
戦はしないという特異な同盟体制を維持することを意味する。
逆に,日米同盟を強化するには,その不可欠な要素としてGSOMIAの
締結が必要となる。
この協定の締結には,原則として集団的自衛権の行使
に踏み切り,我が国が米国との共同軍事作戦をおこなうとの決断が前提と
なる。
もちろん,これは個別の軍事作戦や特定の曲面において米軍と共同
軍事行動をとらないという選択肢を除外するものではない。
要するに,我
が国は現状のいびつな同盟体制を維持することを選ぶのか,もしくは原則,
米国との共同軍事作戦をおこなう体制に移り,そのなかである程度の政治
的独立や軍事的自律性を確保するかを選ぶのかを決めねばならない。
筆者は後者の選択肢が妥当と考える。
また,その枠組みの中で,我が国
政府はできるだけ高い水準の政治的独立や軍事的自律性を確保するよう政
策的な努力を傾注すべきであると考える。
具体的にはいかなる内容のGSOMIAをいかなる条件で締結するかが問
題となる。
本研究での分析を踏まえれば,我が国が当面,フランスやイス
ラエルの締結したGSOMIAをモデルとすべきであるのは明らかである。
GSOMIAは単に諜報協力の大枠を決めるだけであるから,個別の秘密情
報のやりとりはGSOMIA締結後の具体的活動に左右される。
我が国の行
動の自由の幅を充分に確保するには,GSOMIA締結後の具体的な協力関
係が重要であることは言うまでもない。
〔注〕
(1) U. S. Department of State, Office of the Legal Adviser, The
Treaty Affairs Staff, Treaties in Force: A List of Treaties and
Other International Agreements of the United States in Force on
January 1,2001.
(2) 例えば,拙稿「コード・ネームはECHELON (エシェロン)——アン
グロサクソン諜報同盟の実態」『海外事情』48巻11号,2000年11月号。産
経新聞特別取材班『エシュロン——アメリカの世界支配と情報戦略』角
川書店,2001年。
(3 )拙稿「コード・ネームはECHELONJ前掲。
(4)同上。
米国と主要同盟国との二国間安全保障関連条約•協定体制の比較分析 253
(5) *Chapter Twenty: Technology Transfer and Export Controls/
http://www. turkishdefense. net/referece/USA/SA_ManagementC
- DOC, retrieved August 28, 2002.
(6) Freedom of Information Act, The Privacy Act, Government in
Sunshine Act, Classified Information Procedures Act, Executive
Order 12356 on National Security Information, Executive Order
10450 on Security Requirements for Government Employees, White
House Personnel Security and Background Investigations, Depart-
ment of Defense Directive on Clearance of DOD Information for
Pubic Releaseなどの法令が存在する
(7) 米国防大学でのインタビュー,米国ワシントンDC 2002年9月10日。
(8) 同上。
254 (桃山法学創刊号’03)
表1一1:米英安全保障関連条約•協定体制(1)
Arrangement relating to naval and air bases. Exchange of — Agreement regarding leased naval and air bases, and
notes at Washington September 2,1940; entered into force exchanges of notes. Signed at London March 27,1941;
September 2,1940. entered into force March 27,1941.
Amendments:
July 19 and August 1,1950 (TIAS 2105).
December 5 and 6,1978 (TIAS 9359).
March 7,1985.
Protocol concerning the de-Joint statement regarding Memorandum pursuant to ^—Agreement relating to
tense of Newfoundland.
Signed at London March 27,
1941; entered into force
March 27,1941.
settlement for lend-lease,
reciprocal aid, surplus war
property, and claims. Dated
at Washington December 6,
1945.
TIAS 1509
joint statement of December
6,1945, regarding settle-
ment for lend-lease, recipro-
cal aid, surplus war prop-
erty, and claims, with
agreements annexed
thereto. Signed at Washing-
ton March 27,1946; entered
into force March 27,1946.
settlement of the lend-lease
interest in future sales of
surplus stores in the Middle
East. Signed at London
January 7,1948; entered
into force January 7, 1948;
operative July 15,1947.
TIAS 1698
Agreement relating to the — Agreement relating to
settlement of the interests settlement of lend-lease and
of the Government of the
United States and the
Government of the United
Kingdom in joint installa-
tions in the Middle East.
Signed at Washington July
12,1948; entered into force
July 12,1948.
TIAS 1769
reciprocal aid accounts and
intergovernmental claims.
Signed at Washington July
12,1948; entered into force
July 12,1948.
TIAS 1770
Amendments:
April 28 and 30,1952 (TIAS
2562).
April 24 and 25,1957 (TIAS
3834).
Mutual defense assistance agreement. Signed at
Washington January 27,1950; entered into force
January 27,1950.
TIAS 2017
Agreement relating to the assurances required under the
Mutual Security Act of 1951. Exchange of notes at
London January 8,1952; entered into force January 8,
1952.
TIAS 2622
米国と主要同盟国との二国間安全保障関連条約•協定体制の比較分析 255
1 Agreement relating to the Agreement concerning the Agreement for the construe- Agreement relating to the
availability of certain In- tion, by Bermuda, of the
proposed road through the
use of the airfield at
Widewake in Ascension Is-
land by aircraft of the Royal
Air Force. Exchange of
notes at Washington August
29,1962; entered into force
August 29,1962.
TIAS 5148
dian Ocean Islands for the
defense purposes of both
governments. Exchange of
notes at London December
30,1966; entered into force
December 30,1966.
TIAS 6196
Amendments:
June 22 and 25,1976 (TIAS
8376)
November 16,1987.
United States Naval Air
Station, Bermuda, with
maps and related notes.
Exchange of notes at Lon-
don January 28,1971;
entered into force January
28,1971.
TIAS 7054
transfer of certain real
estate on Eleuthera Island
to the United States Navy
with annexes.3 Exchange of
notes at Nassau August 9,
1971 and February 17,
1972; entered into force
February 17,1972.
TIAS 7286
r
Understanding relating to — Agreement relating to the — Agreement relating to the—–Arrangement relating to the
the use by Bahamian orga-
nizations of certain land at
the United States Navy
Base, Georgetown, Great
Exuma Island, with map
and schedule. Exchange of
notes at Nassau June 19,
September 12 and Novem-
ber 2,1972; entered into
force November 2,1972.
TIAS 7514
lease of certain land to the
United States Navy on the
Island of Anegada in the
British Virgin Islands for
use as a drone launching
facility. Exchange of notes
at Washington February 1,
1973; entered into force
February 1,1973.
TIAS 7567
expanded use of Ascension
Island. Exchange of notes at
London March 30,1973;
entered into force March 30,
1973.
TIAS 7602
status of United States
forces engaged in clearance
of the Suez Canal which are
using British Sovereign
Base areas in Cyprus.
Exchange of notes at Lon-
don June 24 and July 4,
1974; entered into force July
4,1974.
TIAS 7917
L Agreement concerning
United States naval support
facility on Diego Garcia,
British Indian Ocean Terri-
tory, with plan, related
notes, and supplementary
arrangement. Exchange of
notes at London February
25,1976; entered into force
February 25,1976.
TIAS 8230
Related agreement:
December 13,1982 (TIAS
10616).
L Agreement relating to shar-— Memorandum of under* – Memorandum of under- — Agreement
standing concerning terres-
trial radio site sharing, with
annexes. Signed at
Mildenhall and London Au-
ing facility construction
costs on Ascension Island,
with memoranda of agree-
ment. Exchange of notes at
London March 25,1985;
entered into force March 25,
1985.
TIAS 12383
a—Agreement amending
supplementing the leased
bases agreement of March
27,1941, with regard to
lands and facilities in Ber-
muda. Exchange of notes at
Washington December 5
and 6,1978; entered into
force December 6,1978.
TIAS 9359
gust 19 and September 8,
1981; entered into force
September 8,1981.
TIAS 10260
and — Agreement
United States defense areas
in the Turks and Caicos
Islands, with annex, memo-
randum of unde rs tand ing
and aide-memoire. Signed
at Washington December
12,1979; entered into force
December 12,1979; effective
January 1,1979.
TIAS 9710
standing regarding support
to the Royal Air Force
detachment at Hickam Air
Force Base. Signed at
Honolulu April 21,1981;
entered into force April 21,
1981.
TIAS 10084
concerning -—Agreement concerning the
turnover of the airfield at
Grand Turk Auxiliary Air
Base to the Government of
the Turks and Caicos Is-
lands and its use by the
United States Government.
Exchange of notes at Wash-
ington December 12,1979;
entered into force December
12,1979.
TIAS 9711
regarding ar-
rangements for continued
United Kingdom access to
and use of the Atlantic
Undersea Test and Evalua-
tion Centre (AUTEC) facil-
ity in The Bahamas. Ex-
change of notes at Washing-
ton April 5,1984; entered
into force April 5,1984.
TIAS 11059
L Memorandum of under-
standing concerning the
provision of mutual logistic
support, supplies and ser-
vices, with annexes. Signed
at Vaihingen (Germany)
and London October 5 and
11,1984; entered into force
October 11,1984.
TIAS 11137
Amendments:
June 29 and August 9,1990
(TIAS 12198).
March 12 and April 2,1991
(TIAS 12198).
March 15 and 18,1996.
Memorandum of under-«
standing concerning the
establishment of a radar
site in the Cayman Islands
as part of the Caribbean
Basin Radar Network
(CBRN). Signed at Wash-
ington February 26,1990;
entered into force February
26,1990.
TIAS 12240
Memorandum of under- ■
standing concerning the
establishment of a portable
radar tracking station in
the Cayman Islands. Signed
at Washington July 1,1992;
entered into force July 1,
1992.
TIAS 12241
Agreement amending the
agreement of November 29,
1973, as amended, to estab-
lish, operate and maintain
line of communications and
ancillary facilities in the
United Kingdom for use
under emergency conditions
for logistic support of
United State Armed Forces
stationed in the European
Command area in further-
ance of the objectives of the
North Atlantic Treaty. Ex-
change of notes at London
November 20 and December
7,1995; entered into force
December 7,1995.
TIAS
256 (桃山法学創刊号,03)
表1一1(2)
I Agreement concerning defense cooperation arrangements. I
| Exchange of notes at Washington May 27,1993; entered into |
■ force May 27,1993.
TIAS 12237 1
I Agreement to facilitate the interchange of pattent and I
| technical information for defense purposes, and exchange of |
I notes. Signed at London January 19,1953; entered into force .
January 19,1953.
1 TIAS 2773 1
I Memorandum of understanding on the status of certain I
I persons working for United States defense contractors in the |
I United Kingdom, with annex. Signed at Washington July 7, |
1987; entered into force July 7,1987; effective for tax years
1 beginning on or after April 6,1987. ‘
I TIAS 11537 I
I Master information exchange arrangement, with annex. |
■ Signed at London September 6,1988; entered into force
September 6,1988. 1
I TIAS 11640 . I
I Memorandum of understanding concerning exchange of |
I research and development information, with appendix. |
Signed at Washington November 18,1994; entered into force
1 November 18,1994. 1
I TIAS 12249 I
米国と主要同盟国との二国間安全保障関連条約•協定体制の比較分析 257
■ Agreement
long-range
for guided
known as
concerning a—–Agreement concerning the
proving ground
missiles to be
The Behamas Long Range Proving Ground”, and exchanges of note. Signed at Washington July 21,1950; entered into extension of the Bahamas Long Range Proving Ground by the establishment of Agreement on administra- — Agreement concerning the force July 21,1950. TIAS 2099 additional sites in Ascen- sion Island. Signed at Washington June 25;1956; entered into force June 25; 1956. TIAS 3603 Amendment: July 17,1967 (TIAS 6308). Amendment: July 17,1967 (TIAS 6308). tive matters connected with the agreement of June 25, 1956 for the extension of the Bahamas Long Range Prov- ing Ground by the establish- ment of additional sites in Ascension Island. Exchange of notes at Washington August 24 and 25,1959; entered into force August 25,1959. TIAS 4296 establis hment in the Bahama Islands of a long range aid to navigation station. Signed at Washing- ton June 24,1960; entered into force June 24,1960. TIAS 4502 L Agreement relating to« rights of the United King
dom in connection with the
use of oceanographic re-
search stations and parts of
the Long Range Proving
Ground. Exchange of notes
at Port-of-Spain February
10,1961; entered into force
February 10,1961.
TIAS 4735
Memorandum of arrange-
ment between the United
States, Australia, and the
United Kingdom to cover re-
entry experiments in Aus-
tralia (Project Sparta).
Signed at Canberra March
30,1966; entered into force
March 30,1966.
TIAS 5984
Agreement for the establish-
ment of oceanographic re-
search stations in the
Bahama Islands. Signed at
Washington November 1,
1957; entered into force
November 1,1957.
TIAS 3927
Amendment:
May 12,1960 (TIAS 4479).
‘Agreement for the establish’
ment of an Atlantic Under-
sea Test and Evaluation
Center in the Bahama
Islands, with agreed min-
utes. Signed at Washington
October 11,1963; entered
into force October 11,1963.
TIAS 5441
- Memorandum of under-
standing concerning a coop-
erative research project in
imagining of the ocean
using radar, with annexes.
Signed at Arlington and
London April 26 and May 5,
1989; entered into force May
5,1989.
TIAS 12239
—• Agreement relating to the ^—Memorandum of under- — Memorandum of under- Memorandum of under-
disposition of equipment and material furnished by the United States under the mutual defense assistance program and found surplus to the needs of the armed forces of the United King- dom. Exchange of notes at London May 10 and 13, 1957; entered into force May 13,1957. TIAS 3843 standing for procurement of standing for the procure- standing concerning the the RN ship-launched har- ment of an airborne early provision, trial and opera- poon weapon system. Signed warning system for the tion of a relocatable over the at London October 17,1986; Royal Air Force, with re- horizon radar (ROTHR) in entered into force October lated letter. Signed at the United Kingdom, with 17,1986. Washington February 25, annex. Signed at Washing- TIAS 11381 1987; entered into force ton April 20,1990; entered February 25,1987, into force April 20,1990. Amendment: TIAS 11281 TIAS 12235 June 24 and July 9,1996. i I 1
Amendments: December 17 and 30,1958 (TIAS 4156). November 7 and 10,1961 (TIAS 4985). August 28,1963 (TIAS 5413). 」Agreement regarding U.S. approval for retransfer of U.S. defense articles and services to NATO for pur- poses of supporting the NATO-led Implementation Force (IFOR). Exchange of
notee at Brueseh December
18 and 19,1995; entered
into force December 19,
1995.
TIAS
258 (桃山法学創刊号’03)
表］-1(3)
Agreement relating to the ■
supply by the United States
to the United Kingdom of
intermediate range ballistic
missiles, with memoran-
dum. Exchange of notes at
Washington February 22,
1958; entered into force
February 22,1958.
TIAS 3990
■Polaris sales agreement.
Signed at Washington April
6,1963; entered into force
April 6,1963.
TIAS 5313
Agreement extending the
Polaris sales agreement of
April 6,1963 (TIAS 5313) to
cover the sale of Trident II
weapon system. Exchange of
notes at Washington Octo-
ber 19,1982; entered into
force October 19,1982.
TIAS 10549
Agreement relating to the Agreement on the setting up
establishment and operation
of a ballistic missile early
warning station at
Fylingdales Moor, with
memorandum. Exchange of
notes at London February
15,1960; entered into force
February 15,1960.
TIAS 4425
of a missile defense alarm
system station in the United
Kingdom, with memoran-
dum. Exchange of notes at
London July 18,1961;
entered into force July 18,
1961.
TIAS 4809
Amendment:
June 18,1979 (TIAS 9536).
Agreement relating to a — Memorandum of under-
weapons production pro-
gram. Exchange of notes at
London June 29,1962;
entered into force June 29,
1962.
TIAS 5087
standing concerning the
transfer of technical data
relating to the JT-10D jet
engine collaboration agree-
ment to third countries.
Signed at Washington De-
cember 30,1976; entered
into force December 30,
1976.
TIAS 8459
■Memorandum of under-
standing for the develop-
ment testing, qualification
testing and unconstrained
enclosure development for
the intercooled recuperated
(ICR) gas turbine engine,
with annex. Signed at
Washington June 21,1994;
entered into force June 21,
1994.
TIAS 12257
Amendments and extension:
March 6 and 11,1997.
March 28 and November 6,
2000.
—-Letter of agreement con-
cerning narrative record
telecommunication interface
arrangements, with appen-
dices. Signed at Washington
and London September 2
and 21,1977; entered into
force September 21,1977.
TIAS 12252
“Memorandum of under-
standing concerning the
exchange of medical cadets
between the British Army
Medical Services and the
Uniformed Services Univer-
sity of the Health Sciences.
Signed at Washington and
London March 25 and June
21,1985; entered into force
June 21,1985.
TIAS 11109
Memorandum of under- standing concerning the exchange of medical cadets between the Royal Navy and the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. Signed at Wash- ington and London March 25 and October 7,1985; entered into force October 7, 1985. TIAS 11225 米国と主要同盟国との二国間安全保障関連条約•協定体制の比較分析 259 Memorandum standing for the common affordable lightweight fighter, with annexes. Signed at London and Washington August 5 and 9, 1994; entered into force August 9,1994. TIAS 12251 of under- Memorandum of under-Memorandum of under–“— standing concerning tech- nology research and devel- opment projects, with an- nex. Signed at Washington November 18,1994; entered into force November 18, 1994. TIAS 12250 standing concerning the exchange of scientists and engineers, with annexes. Signed at Washington and London July 27 and August 18,1994; entered into force August 18,1994. NP Memorandum of under- standing for the cooperative development of technology upgrades to the AN/MSR- 3(V) TACJAM-A Electronic Support (ES) Subsystem (Catalyst), with annexes. Signed at Washington and London July 26 and August 15,1996; entered into force August 15,1996. TIAS L Memorandum of under- Memorandum standing concerning the framework for advanced concept technology demon- stration (ACTD) coopera- tion, with annex. Signed at Washington and London August 12 and 16,1996; entered into force August 16,1996 TIAS of under- —～: standing concerning the Trimaran 一 Project, Signed at Abbey Wood and Pyestock September 2 and 3,1997; entered into force September 3,1997. TIAS Demonstrator with annexes. Memorandum of under-—. standing concerning coop- eration in the development, production and follow on i support of an Armored Scout and Reconnaissance I Vehicle (ASRV) system, with annexes. Signed at Washington and Bristol February 26 and July 7, 1998; entered into force July ‘ 7,1998. TIAS ■ Memorandum of under- standing for the Joint Anti- Armor Weapon System (JAAWS) Project. Signed at Quantico and Abbey Wood September 20 and October 1,1999; en- tered into force October 1, 1999. TIAS 260 (桃山法学創刊号’03) 表］一1(4) Memorandum of agreement
on the exchange of person-
nel between the United
States Coast Guard and the
Royal Navy. Signed at
Washington August 29,
1980; entered into force
August 29,1980.
TIAS 9849
Memorandum of under-
standing on the exchange of
personnel between the U.S.
Coast Guard and the Royal
Air Force. Signed at Wash-
ington November 14 and 16,
1983; entered into force
November 16,1983.
TIAS 10908
Memorandum of under-
standing on the exchange of
sub units. Signed at Wash-
ington October 5,1988;
entered into force October 5,
1988.
TIAS 11630
Memorandum of under- —Agreement concerning cer-
standing concerning the
shared use of communica-
tions facilities in the north-
ern Federal Republic of
Germany, with annexes.
Signed May 11 and June 2,
1981; entered into force
June 2,1981.
TIAS 10165
tain communications facili-
ties in the defense areas in
the Turks and Caicos Is-
lands. Exchange of notes at
Washington December 18,
1984; entered into force
December 18,1984.
TIAS 11139.
Memorandum of under-
standing relating to the
principles governing coop-
eration in research and
development, production
and procurement of defense
equipment, with annex.
Signed at London and
Washington December 18
and 30,1985; entered into
force December 30,1985,
TIAS 11235
*Memorandum of under-
standing concerning coop-
eration in the development
of a satellite communica-
tions modulator/demodula-
tor and associated equip-
ment resistant to electronic
countermeasures and
nuclear effects (Universal
Modem), with annexes.
Signed at Washington and
London October 25 and
December 8,1989; entered
into force December 8,1989.
TIAS
*Memorandum of under-
standing concerning mea-
sures to be taken for the
transfer, security and safe-
guarding of classified tech-
nical information, software
and equipment to the Minis-
try of Defence to enable
industry to establish a
North Sea ACM1 range.
Signed at Washington
March 6,1990; entered into
force March 6,1990.
TIAS 12248
Memorandum of under-
standing concerning the
cooperative outboard
logitics update project (AN/
SSQ-108-VO). Signed at
London and Washington
June 7 and July 1,1994;
entered into force July 1,
1994.
TIAS 12258
‘ Agreement amending and
extending the memorandum
of understanding of Novem-
ber 5,1985 concerning
ocean surveillance informa-
tion system. Signed at
Washington and London
February 21 and March 15,
1996; entered into force
March 15,1996; effective
November 5,1995.
TIAS
米国と主要同盟国との二国間安全保障関連条約•協定体制の比較分析 261
Memorandum of under‘ standing concerning the exchange of reserve officers. Signed at Washington Sep- tember 11,1989; entered into force September 11, 1989. TIAS 11698 Memorandum of agreement
concerning the exchange of
military personnel. Signed
at MacDill A.F.B. and
London September 27 and
October 6,1993; entered
into force October 6,1993.
NP
Memor andu m of under-
standing on the exchange of
units between the United
States Air Force and the
Royal Air Force of the
United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ire-
land, with appendix. Signed
at Washington and High
Wycombe July 17 and
August 6,1997; entered into
force August 6,1997.
NP
Memorandum of
standing concerning the
measures to be taken for the
transfer to, and security and
safeguarding of MK IV
radar instrumentation sys-
tem technical information,
software and equipment in
the United Kingdom. Signed
at Washington February 6,
1991; entered into force
Februaiy 6,1991.
TIAS 11834
under- Memorandum of under- Memorandum
standing relating to infor-
mation exchange on short
range air-to-air missile
technologies and systems.
Signed at Washington and
Bristol September 16 and
30,1996; entered into force
September 30,1996.
TIAS
of under- ■
standing for cooperation in
the development of com-
bined arms tactical training
equipment. Signed at Alex-
andria and Abbey Wood
December 6,1996; entered
into force December 6,1996.
TIAS
Memorandum of under-
standing for the production
of the Universal Modem
System (UMS), with an-
nexes. Signed at Bristol and
Ft. Monmouth January 19
and 29,1999; entered into
force January 29,1999.
TIAS
262 (桃山法学創刊号’03)
表2 -1:米加安全保障関連条約•協定体制(1)
一 Arrangement relating to-
naval and air bases. Ex-
change of notes at Washing-
ton September 2,1940;
entered into force Septem-
ber 2,1940.
Agreement regarding leased*
naval and air bases, and
exchanges of notes. Signed
at London March 27,1941;
entered into force March 27,
1941.
Amendment:
May 22,1985.
Agreement relating to the
leased naval base at
Argentia, Newfoundland.
Exchange of notes at Lon-
don August 13 and October
23,1947; entered into force
October 23,1947.
T1AS 1809
Amendment:
May 22,1985.
Protocol concerning the de- Agreement relating to pay- ^—Agreement on a full and
fense of Newfoundland.
Signed at London March 27,
1941; entered into force
March 27,1941.
ment for certain defense
installations in Canada and
at Goose Bay, Labrador.
Exchange of notes at Wash-
ington June 23 and 27,
1944; entered into force
June 27,1944.
final settlement of all claims
for costs of environmental
clean-up at former U.S.
military installations in
Canada. Exchange of notes
at Washington October 7
and 9,1996; entered into
force October 9,1996.
TIAS
一 United States-Canadian
Permanent Joint Board on
Defense to continue collabo-
ration for security purposes.
Announced in Ottawa and
in Washington February 12,
1947.
•Agreement providing for the
establishment of a Canada-
United States Committee on
Joint Defense. Exchange of
notes at Ottawa August 29
and September 2,1958;
entered into force Septem-
ber 2,1958.
TIAS 4098
Declaration by the
Prime Minister of
Canada and the Presi-
dent of the United
States of America re-
garding the establish-
ing of a Permanent
Joint Board on De-
fense. Made at
Ogdensburg, New
York, August 18,1940.
一 Hyde Park agreement. An-
nouncement made at Hyde
Park April 20,1941 by the
President of the United
States of America and the
Prime Minister of Canada.
Agreement relating to re-
conversion of industry. Ex-
change of notes at Ottawa
May 7 and 15,1945; entered
into force May 15,1945.
TIAS 1752
—Agreement establishing a
Joint Industrial Mobiliza-
tion Committee. Exchange
of notes at Ottawa April12,
1949; entered into force
April12,1949.
TIAS 1889
General Security of Mili-
tary Information Agree-
ment
米国と主要同盟国との二国間安全保障関連条約•協定体制の比較分析 263
Agreement relating to the —
extension and coordination
of the continental radar
defense system. Exchange of
notes at Washington August
1,1951; entered into force
August 1,1951.
TIAS 3049
Agreement modifying the^—
leased bases agreement of
March 27,1941 with the
United Kingdom concerning
bases in Canada. Exchange
of notes at Washington
February 13 and March 19,
1952; entered into force
March 19,1952.
TIAS 2572
Agreement relating to the
application of the NATO
status of forces agreement
to U.S. forces in Canada,
including those at the
leased bases in Newfound’
land and Goose Bay, Labra-
dor except for certain ar-
rangements under the
leased bases agreement.
Exchange of notes at Wash-
ington April 28 and 30,
1952; entered into force
September 27,1953.
TIAS 3074
•Agreement relating to the
transfer of the RedclifF site
to Canada. Exchange of
notes at Ottawa May 10,
1971; entered into force May
10,1971.
TIAS 7217
L. Agreement relating to the
continued use of facilities at
Goose Bay airport by the
United States, with annex.
Exchange of notes at Ot-
tawa November 10 and 24,
1976; entered into force
November 24,1976; eflfec-
tive October 1,1976.
TIAS 8454
Memorandum of under- ■
standing pertaining to coor-
dination of cooperative re-
search and development.
Signed February 1,1979;
entered into force February
1,1979.
TIAS 9414
Agreement concerning the-
test and evaluation of
United States defense weap-
ons systems in Canada.
Exchange of notes at Wash-
ington February 10,1983;
entered into force February
10,1983.
TIAS 10659
Agreement concerning coop-,
erative testing and evalua-
tion of defense systems.
Exchange of notes at Wash-
ington February 10,1993;
entered into force February
10,1993.
TIAS 12262
Memorandum of under-
standing concerning the
measures to be taken for the
transfer, security and safe-
guarding of technical infor-
mation and equipment to
the Department of National
Defence for use in the
Canadian arctic subsurface
surveillance system. Signed
at Washington and Ottawa
May 31 and September 23,
1994; entered into force
September 23,1994.
TIAS 12264
I Memorandum of under- ■
standing concerning
counterterrorism research
and development, with an-
nex. Signed at Washington
and Ottawa June 12 and 23,
1995; entered into force
June 23,1995.
TIAS
Memorandum of under-
standing for technology re-
search and development
projects, with annex. Signed
at Washington and Ottawa
July 18 and August 29,
1996; entered into force
August 29,1996.
TIAS
264 (桃山法学創刊号’03)
表2 -1(2)
Arrangement relating to^— Memorandum
visits in uniform by mem-
bers of defense forces.
Exchange of notes at Ot-
tawa August 28 and Sep-
tember 4,1941; entered into
force September 11,1941.
standing on the exchange of
service personnel between
the United States Marine
Corps and Canadian Forces.
Signed at Washington Sep-
tember 19,1984; entered
into force September 19,
1984.
TIAS 11135
Memorandum of under-
standing on reciprocal train-
ing of reserve officers be-
tween the Canadian Land
Forces Command and Staff
College and the U.S. Marine
Corps Command and Staff”
College. Signed November 4,
1985; entered into force
November 4,1985.
TIAS 11321
Agreement relating to a ^—Agreement relating to
final settlement for all war
surplus property disposed of
pursuant to the agreements
effected by exchanges of
notes of November 22 and
December 20,1994; March
30,1946; and July 11 and
15,1946. Exchange of notes
at Ottawa June 17 and 18,
1949; entered into force
June 18,1949.
TIAS 2352
purchase by Canada
eighteen Lockheed P-3 long-
range patrol aircraft, with
related notee. Exchange of
letters at Washington July 6
and 7,1976; entered into
force July 7,1976.
TIAS 8388
the Undertaking relating to the
of examination and audit of
certain subcontracts
awarded to Pratt and
Whitney of Canada, with
memorandum of under-
of
standing. Exchange of notes
at Washington October 13
and 28,1977; entered into
force October 28,1977.
TIAS 8980
Agreement relating to eco-«
nomic cooperation for de-
fiense. Exchange of notes at
Washington October 26,
1950; entered into force
October 26,1950.
TIAS 2136
Mutual logistical support-
agreement, with annexes.
Signed at Stuttgart Febru-
ary 11,1983; entered into
force February 11,1983.
TIAS 10658
Agreement concerning the
exchange of fuel for naval
ships and aircraft, with
enclosure. Signed at Ottawa
and Washington May 5 and
June 27,1986; entered into
force June 27,1986.
TIAS 11380
—Agreement on the establish- Agreement relating to the — Agreement relating to the
ment and operation of a
distant early warning sys-
tem between the United
States and Canada. Ex~
change of notes, with annex,
at Washington May 5,1955;
entered into force May 5,
1955.
establishment and opera-
tion of certain radar sta-
tions in the Newfoundland-
construction and operation
of certain radar stations in
British Columbia, Ontario,
TIAS 3218
Labrador area. Exchange of
notes at Ottawa June 13,
1955; entered into force
June 13,1955.
TIAS 3452
and Nova Scotia. Exchange
of notes at Ottawa June 15,
1955; entered into force
June 15,1955.
TIAS 3453
—Agreement relating to the
construction of petroleum
products pipeline between
the United States Air Force
dock at St. John’s, New-
foundland, and Pepperrell
Air Force Base, Newfound-
land, with annex. Exchange
of notes at Ottawa Septem-
ber 22,1955; entered into
force September 22,1955.
TIAS 3392
—Agreement relating to the
winter maintenance of the
Haines Road. Exchange of
notes at Ottawa May 10 and
June 23,1967; entered into
force June 23,1967.
TIAS 6274
米国と主要同盟国との二国間安全保障関連条約•協定体制の比較分析 265
Memorandum of under-
standing concerning the
personnel exchange pro-
gram between the United
States Navy and the Cana-
dian Forces, with appendix.
Signed at Washington May
27 and June 9,1988;
entered into force June 9,
1988.
NP
Memorandum of under-
standing concerning mutual
logistical support, with an-
nexes. Signed at Ottawa
June 6,1989; entered into
force June 6,1989.
TIAS 11974
Agreement relating to com–
munications facilities at
Cape Dyer, BafHn Island to
support the Greenland ex-
tension of the distant early
warning system. Exchange
of notes at Ottawa April13,
1959; entered into force
April13,1959, operative
January 15,1959.
TIAS 4208
Agreement relating to the-
establishment, maintenance
and operation of short range
tactical air navigation
(TACAN) facilities in
Canada, with annex. Ex-
change of notes at Ottawa
May 1,1959; entered into
force May 1,1959.
TIAS 4218
Amendment:
September 19 and 23,1961
(12 UST 1357; TIAS 4856).
Agreement relating to the,
establishment of a ballistic
missile early warning sys-
tem. Exchange of notes at
Ottawa July 13,1959;
entered into force July 13,
1959.
TIAS 4264
Agreement relating to the
extension and strengthening
of the continental air de-
fense system (CADIN). Ex-
change of notes at Ottawa
September 27,1961; entered
into force September 27,
1961.
TIAS 4859
Amendments:
May 6,1964 (TIAS 5574)
November 24,1965 (TIAS
5907)
Agreement concerning the Agreement relating to the—
establishment, operation
and maintenance of certain
ground-to-air communica-
tions facilities in northern
Canada, with annex. Ex-
change of notes at Ottawa
December 1,1965; entered
into force December 1,1965.
TIAS 5911
use of certain facilities at
the United States Air Force
Pinetree radar site at
Hopedale, Labrador. Ex-
change of notes at Ottawa
June 11,September 19,
1969 and February 24,
1970; entered into force
February 24,1970.
TIAS 6844
Agreement relating to new — Lease of three radar aets
financial arrangements to “
govern the operation and
maintenance of Pinetree
radar stations in Canada
with annex. Exchange of
notes at Ottawa August 16,
1971; entered into force
August 16,1971; operative
August 1,1971.
TIAS 7173
(AN/PPS-15) to Canada,
with general provisions.
Signed at Washington No-
vember 18,1975; entered
into force November 18,
1975.
TIAS 8317
266 (桃山法学創刊号’03)
表2 — 1(3)
一 Agreement relating to the
establishment of a ferry
service between North
Sydney, Nova Scotia and
Argentia, Newfoundland,
with annex. Exchange of
notes at Washington June 6
and 10,1966; entered into
force June 10,1966.
TIAS 6035
Agreement relating to the
installation, operation, and
maintenance of a circuit for
narrative record traffic be-
tween the defense agencies.
Signed at Ottawa and at
Washington January 7 and
19,1976; entered into force
January 19,1976.
TIAS 8293
•Letter of agreement con-
cerning narrative record
telecommunication interface
arrangements, with appen-
dices. Signed at Ottawa and
Washington September 15
and October 22,1981;
entered into force October
22,1981.
TIAS 10265
■ Memorandum of under-
standing concerning defense
comm uni cations service,
with annex and appendices.
Signed at Ottawa and
Arlington September 9 and
October 13,1993; entered
into force October 13,1993.
TIAS 12263
Agreement relating to the — Agreement relating to per-
continued operation and
maintenance of the torpedo
test range in the Strait of
Georgia and the installation
and utilization of an ad-
vanced underwater acoustic
measurement system at
Jervis Inlet, with annex.
Exchange of notes at Ot-
tawa January 13 and April
14,1976; entered into force
April14,1976.
TIAS 8386
Extension:
June 3 and 17,1986 (TIAS
11368).
formance evaluation of a
variable depth sonar system
in conjunction with a high
speed surface vessel, with
annexes (Project Hytow).
Signed at Washington and
Ottawa September 12 and
October 12,1977; entered
into force October 12,1977.
TIAS 9129
—Memorandum of under-
standing on aviation coop-
eration. Signed at Washing-
ton and Ottawa March 20
and April 9,1987; entered
into force April 9,1987.
TIAS 11294
米国と主要同盟国との二国間安全保障関連条約•協定体制の比較分析 267
1^— Memorandum of under-
standing concerning region
operations control center.
Signed at Ottawa and
Washington March 5 and
April11,1977; entered into
force April11,1977.
TIAS 8869
Memorandum of under- ■
standing concerning
NAVSTAR global position-
ing system, with annex.
Signed at Washington and
Ottawa August 7 and Octo-
ber 5,1978; entered into
force October 5,1978.
TIAS 9689
Agreement regarding con-.
tinued cooperation in the
North American Aerospace
Defense Command. Ex-
change of notes at Ottawa
March 11,1981; entered
into force March 11,1981,
effective May 12,1981.
TIAS 10111
Extension:
April 30,1991 (TIAS 12261)
Agreement regarding mod-
ernization of the North
American Air Defense Sys-
tem, with memorandum of
understanding. Exchange of
notee at Quebec March 18,
1985; entered into force
March 18,1985.
TIAS 12260
L— Agreement concerning the
establishment of certain
mutual defense commit-
ments. Exchange of notes at
Washington and Ottawa
March 4 and August 19,
1994; entered into force
August 19,1994.
TIAS 12526
Agreement regarding the ■
organization and operations
of the North American
Aerospace Defense Com-
mand (NORAD). Exchange
of notes at Washington
March 28,1996; entered
into force March 28,1996;
effective May 12,1996.
TIAS
Agreement extending the
agreement of May 12,1958,
as amended and extended,
concerning the organization
and the operation of the
North American Aerospace
Defense Command
(NORAD). Exchange of
notes at Washington June
16, 2000; entered into force
June 16, 2000; effective May
12, 2001.
TIAS
268 (桃山法学創刊号’03)
表3-1:米豪安全保障関連条約•協定体制
Mutual weapons
ment program agreement.
Signed at Washington Au-
gust 23,1960; entered into
force August 23,1960.
T1AS 4565
develop- — Agreement concerning coop— Memorandum
erative and collaborative
research, development and
engineering, with appendix.
Signed at Washington Octo-
ber 21,1994; entered into
force October 21,1994.
TIAS 12271
of under-
standing for the production
of the offboard active decoy
Nulka, with annexes.
Signed at Washington June
25,1996; entered into force
June 25,1996.
TIAS
—Agreement
concerning
status of United States
forces in Australia with
protocol. Signed at
Canberra May 9.1963;
entered into force May 9,
1963.
TIAS 5349
the Memorandum of under- Memorandum of under- ■
standing regarding the ex-
change training program of
units from both forces.
Signed at Washington No-
vember 4,1976; entered into
force November 4,1976.
TIAS 8757
standing concerning the
exchange of service person-
nel between the U.S. Marine
Corps and the Royal Austra-
lian Air Force. Signed at
Washington April13,1984;
entered into force April13,
TIAS 11131
—Agreement relating to the
establishment of a United
States naval communication
station in Australia. Signed
at Canberra May 9,1963;
entered into force June 28,
1963.
TIAS 5377
■Agreement relating to the
establishment of a joint
defense space communica-
tions station in Australia.
Signed at Canberra Novem-
ber 10,1969; entered into
force November 10,1969.
TIAS 6788
■ Agreement concerning de-
fense communications ser-
vices, with annexes. Signed
at Canberra November 6,
1989; entered into force
November 6,1989.
TIAS 12268
Mutual defense assis-
tance agreement. Ex-
change of notes at
Washington February
1 and 20,1951; en-
tered into force Febru-
ary 20,1951.
TIAS 2217
Amendments:
July 12,1968 (TIAS 6527).
March 21,1974 (TIAS
8338).
TIAS 10610
Extension and amendment:
November 16,1988 (TIAS
12267).
General Security of Mili-
tary Information Agree-
ment
Memorandum of arrange-
ment between the United
States, Australia, and the
United Kingdom to cover re-
entry experiments in Aus-
tralia (Project Sparta), with
exchanges of notes. Signed
at Canberra March 30,
1966; entered into force
March 30,1966.
TIAS 5984
Agreement relating to the
establishment of a joint
defense space research facil-
ity. Signed at Canberra
December 9,1966; entered
into force December 9,1966.
TIAS 6162
Extensions and amend*
ments:
October 19,1977 (TIAS
8969).
November 16,1988 (TIAS
12266).
June 4,1998.
Agreement relating to op-
eration of United States
military flights through
RAAF Base Darwin. Ex-
change of notes at Canberra
March 11,1981; entered
into force March 11,1981.
TIAS 10112
of arrange-
ment relating to the provi-
sion of NOMAD aircraft and
related services, with at-
tachment. Signed at Wash-
ington April 2,1987; en-
tered into force April 2,
1987.
TIAS 11317
—Memorandum
—Agreement concerning coop*
eration in defense logistic
support. Signed at Sydney
November 4,1989; entered
into force November 4,
1989.
TIAS
—Memorandum of under-
standing on logistic support,
with annexes. Signed at
Washington and Canberra
March 30 and April 23,
1985; entered into force
April 23,1985.
TIAS 12052
米国と主要同盟国との二国間安全保障関連条約•協定体制の比較分析 269
Memorandum of under- —— Arrangement for the ex-
standing concerning ex- change of military personnel
change of service personnel between the Royal Austra-
lian Navy and the U.S.
between the U.S. Marine
Corps and the Australian
Signed at Canberra
ashington August 31
and September 16,1987;
entered into force Septem*
ber 16,1987.
TIAS 11550
Agreement concerning
Navstar Global Positioning
System. Signed at Washing-
ton February 7,1991; en-
tered into force February 7,
1991.
TIAS 12269
Coast Guard. Signed at
Washington July 27,1992;
entered into force July 27,
1992.
NP
—Agreement concerning the
“exchange of electronic war-
fare officers between the
Department of Defense of
the United States and the
Department of Defense of
Australia, with annexes.
Signed at Washington Au-
gust 26,1992; entered into
force August 26,1992.
■J NP
Agreement concerning coop- < eration in radar activities, with project arrangements. Signed at Salisbury March 3,1992; entered into force March 3,1992. TIAS 12270 ^—Agreement concerning the>
establishment of certain
mutual defense commit-
ments. Exchange of notes at
Sydney and Canberra De-
cember 1,1995; entered into
force December 1,1995.
TIAS 12704
■ Agreement concerning de-
fense communications ser-
vices, with annexes. Signed
at Washington October 14
and 30,1998; entered into
force July 13,1999.
TIAS
270 (桃山法学創刊号’03)
表4-1:米仏安全保障関連条約•協定体制
一 Agreement regarding the-
establishment of an air
depot at Deols-La
Martinerie. Signed at Paris
February 27,1951; entered
into force February 27,
1951.
TIAS 6130
Agreement relating to the
transfer to Paris of the
headquarters of the Deputy
Commander of the Allied
Forces in Europe. Exchange
of notes at Paris June 17,
1953; entered into force
June 17,1953.
TIAS 6134
Agreement regarding cer-
tain air bases and facilities
in Metropolitan France
placed at the disposition of
the United States Air Force.
Signed at Paris October 4,
1952; entered into force
October 4,1952.
TIAS 6131
一 Agreement relating to the ■
disposition of equipment
and material no longer
required in the furtherance
of the mutual defense
assistance program, and
related notes. Exchange of
notes at Paris September
23,1955; entered into force
September 23,1955.
TIAS 3440
1 Memorandum of under-1
standing relating to sales to
France of military equip-
ment, materials, and ser-
vices under the mutual
defense assistance agree-
ment of January 27,1950,
and exchange of letters.
Signed at Washington Janu-
ary 30,1958; entered into
force January 30,1958.
TIAS 3980
‘Agreement for the transfer
of special tools to France
under the mutual defense
assistance agreement of
January 27,1950. Exchange
of notes at Paris October 28,
1958; entered into force
October 28,1958.
TIAS 4140
—Agreement concerning sys-
tem of communications and
depots. Signed at Paris
December 8,1958; entered
into force December 8,1958.
TIAS 6132
Mutual defense assis-
tance agreement.
Signed at Washington
January 27,1950; en-
tered into force Janu-
ary 27,1950.
TIAS 2012
Agreement to facilitate in-
terchange of patent rights
and technical information
for defense purposes. Signed
at Paris March 12,1957;
entered into force March 12,
1957.
TIAS 3782
Agreement approving the
procedures for reciprocal
filing of classified patent
application in the United
States and France. Ex-
change of notes at Paris
May 28 July 10,1959;
entered into force July 10,
1959.
TIAS 4386
—Agreement relating to a
weapons production pro-
gram. Exchange of not«s at
Paris September 19,1960;
entered into force Septem-
ber 19,1960.
TIAS 4611
I General security of |
information agree-
1 ment. Signed at Paris 1
I September 7,1977; I
| entered into force Sep- |
■ tember 7,1977. .
TIAS 8914
I Agreement concerning
‘cooperation on the im-
‘a ge/i n for m a t i o n I
I refbrmatter for recon- |
I naissance system |
interoperability, with - annex. Signed at Paris
I and Washington Janu- I
\ ary 18 and 30,1995; |
• entered into force .
1 January 30,1995.
1 TIAS 12318 1
一 Agreement on mutual logis-
tic support, with annexes.
Signed at Casteau February
23,1987; entered into force
February 23,1987.
TIAS 12293.
Amendments:
October 15,1987 (TIAS
12293).
August 19 and September
11,1991 (TIAS 12293).
—Memorandum of under-
standing for a cooperative
deep submergence rescue
system program, with an-
nexes. Signed at Washing-
ton and Paris January 27
and February 21,1989;
entered into force February
21,1989.
TIAS 12291
米国と主要同盟国との二国間安全保障関連条約•協定体制の比較分析 271
Agreement regarding the — Memorandum of agreement
operation, maintenance and
security of the Donges-Metz
pipeline system, with proto-
col and exchange of letters.
Signed at Paris March 24,
1967; entered into force
April1,1967.
TIAS 6242
concerning the use of Diane
Range, Solenzara, Corsica.
Signed at Paris March 27,
1986; entered into force
March 27,1986.
TIAS 11402
Memorandum of under-
standing relating to military
procurement, with an ex-
change of letters. Signed at
Washington December 20,
1961; entered into force
December 20,1961.
TIAS 4914
Memorandum of under- Memorandum of under- Memorandum of agreement Agreement concerning air
standing relating to a
cooperative research project
in titanium alloys, with
annex. Signed at Washing-
ton and Paris June 23 and
August 26,1977; entered
into force August 26,1977.
TIAS 12290
standing regarding the ex-
change of scientists and
engineers. Signed at Paris
and Washington January 24
and February 14,1985;
entered into force February
14,1985.
TIAS 11160
concerning a cooperative
program of information ex-
change and development of
cooperative research
projects on free electron
laser technology. Signed at
Paris January 31,1990;
entered into force January
31,1990.
TIAS 12292
delense simulation. Signed
at Washington and Paris
January 13 and July 19,
1993; entered into force July
19,1993.
TIAS 12294
□
Agreement concerning tech->—
nology research and devel-
opment projects, with an-
nex. Signed at Paris and
Washington December 9,
1993 and January 10,1994;
entered into force January
10,1994.
TIAS 12295
Agreement regarding the^— Agreement regarding the Agreement for cooperative
exchange of Scientists and
engineers, with annexes.
Signed at Washington and
Paris January 14 and 28,
1994; entered into force
January 28,1994.
NP
continuous processing of
composite propellants, with
annexes. Signed at Paris
and Washington April 5 and
May 16,1994; entered into
force May 16,1994.
TIAS 12316
research in the neld of
helicopter aeromechanics,
with annex. Signed at Paris
October 27,1994; entered
into force October 27,1994.
TIAS 12528
□
Agreement for the adapta-
tion and testing of a dry/low
emissions upgrade for the
intercooled recuperate (ICR)
gas turbine engine, with
annexes. Signed at Wash-
ington and Paris June 13
and August 30,1995; en-
tered into force August 30,
1995.
TIAS 12687
Amendment:
July 11 and September 22,
2000.
272 (桃山法学創刊号’03)
表5 -1:米独安全保障関連条約•協定体制(1)
Agreement relating to the-
purchase by the Federal
Republic of Germany from
the United States of certain
equipment for police use.
Exchange of notes at Wash-
ington November 23,1953;
entered into force November
23,1953.
TIAS 2911
Agreement relating to
shore procurement. Signed
at Bonn April 4,1955;
entered into force February
7,1957.
TIAS 3755
Agreement on the model
contract containing stan-
dard contract clauses re-
ferred to in article 16 of the
agreement of April 4,1955
relating to offshore procure-
ment. Exchange of notes at
Bonn April 4,1955; entered
into force February 7,1957.
TIAS 3804
Agreement relating to the _
assurances required under
the Mutual Security Act of
- Exchange of letters at
Bonn December 19 and 28,
1951; entered into force
December 28,1951.
TIAS 2607
Mutual defense assis-
tance agreement. Signed
at Bonn June 30,1955;
entered into force De-
cember 27,1955.
TIAS 3443
Memorandum of under-
standing on the mutual
exchange of documents.
Signed at Bonn and Wash-
ington January 18,1989
and February 9,1990;
entered into force February
9,1990.
TIAS 12305
米国と主要同盟国との二国間安全保障関連条約•協定体制の比較分析 273
Agreement for the return of— Agreement relating to the — Agreement relating to the Agreement relating to the
sale to the Federal Republic disposition of equipment
of certain military equip-
ment, materials, and ser-
vices pursuant to sec.106 of
the Mutual Security Act of
equipment pursuant to the
mutual defense assistance
agreement. Exchange of
notes at Bonn June 30,
1955; entered into force
December 27,1955.
TIAS 3444
Amendment:
March 9,1961 (TIAS 4703).
1954, as amended. Ex-
change of notes at Washing-
ton October 8,1956; entered
into force October 8,1956.
TIAS 3660
Extensions and amend-
ments:
June 15 and October 24,
1960 (TIAS 4599).
November 24,1961 (TIAS
4903).
and materials furnished to
the Federal Republic on a
grant basis under the mu-
tual defense assistance
agreement of June 30,1955.
Exchange of notes at Bonn
May 25,1962; entered into
force May 25,1962.
TIAS 5092
AIM-9L Sidewinder air-to-
air missile. Signed at Wash-
ington February 14,1975;
entered into force February
14,1975.
TIAS 8987
L. Agreement concerning the
transfer of the U.S. bridge
and ferry equipment to the
Federal Republic of Ger-
many, with annex. Signed
at Heidelberg and Bonn
May 26 and June 1,1976;
entered into force June 1,
1976.
TIAS 8893
Agreement relating to
training of German army
personnel pursuant to the
mutual defense assistance
agreement. Exchange of
notes at Bonn December 12,
1956; entered into force
December 12,1956.
TIAS 3753
theAgreement relating to the Agreement relating to theAgreement to support per-
training of German navy training of German air force
personnel pursuant to the
mutual defense assistance
agreement. Exchange of
notes at Bonn December 12,
1956; entered into force
December 12,1956.
TIAS 3754
and the transfer to the
Federal Republic of the air
bases at Landsberg,
Kaufbeuren and
Fuerstenfeldbruck and the
air depot at Erding. Ex-
change of notes at Bonn
December 10,1957; entered
sonnel from the Federal
Republic of Germany sta-
tioned in the United States
during emergencies. Signed
at Bonn October 21,and at
Washington December 18,
1965; entered into force
December 18,1965.
TIAS 5922
into force December 10, . 1957. TIAS 3968 I
LAgreement on the provision Agreement on the stationing — of United States Army of training components of training to the German Air the Federal Minister of Force in the United States, Defense in the United with annexes. Signed at States, with annexes. Bonn and Washington May Signed at Bonn and Wash- 24 and July 6,1977; entered ington May 24 and July 6, into force July 6,1977. 1977; entered into force July —Administrative agreement Memorandum of under- relating to addition of an standing concerning the educational program under exchange of Air Force paragraph 4, article 71 of officers. Signed at Bonn and the supplementary agree- Washington January 15 and ment of August 3,1959 February 20,1986; entered (TIAS 5351).Exchange of into force February 20, notes at Bonn November 23 1986.
TIAS 9081 6,1977. and December 28,1979; NP
TIAS 9358 entered into force January
1,1980.
TIAS 9729
L
Memorandum of under- Agreement regarding the
Agreement relating to the
disbandment of the German
element of the Civilian
Service Organization main-
tained by American Forces
in Germany under the
Forces Convention. Ex-
change of notes at Bonn
April11,1957; entered into
force April11,1957
TIAS 3815
standing for cooperation
within the area of short
range air defense
(SHORAD) command and
control systems for the
purpose of standardization
and interoperability. Signed
at Alexandria and Bonn
June 14 and December 20,
1991; entered into force
December 20,1991.
TIAS 12308
exchange of military person-
nel, with annexes. Signed at
Bonn March 15, 2000;
entered into force March 15,
2000.
NP
Amendment:
April11,1957 (TIAS 3815).
274 (桃山法学創刊号’03)
表 5-1(2)
-Agreements implementing*
the NATO status of forces
agreement of August 3,
1959 (TIAS 5351).Signed at
Bonn August 3,1959; en-
tered into force July 1,1963,
TIAS 5352
Arrangement relating to the –
status of troop care enter-
prises and their employees
under Article 72, paragraph”
4 of the Supplementary
Agreement of August 3,
1959 to the NATO Status of
Forces Agreement, with
related letters. Exchange of
notes at Bonn March 27,
1998; entered into force
March 27,1998.
TIAS
Arrangement regarding the
application of Article 73 of
the Supplementary Agree-
ment of August 3,1959 to
the NATO Status of Forces
Agreement. Exchange of
notes at Bonn March 27,
1998; entered into force
March 27,1998.
TIAS
-Agreement relating to the
use of the International
Airport Frankfurt/Main and
related papers. Exchange of
letters at Bonn November
10 and 18,1959; entered
into force November 18,
1959; effective April1,1959.
TIAS
■ . Agreement to facilitate^— Agreement approving the
1 I—kcss cF -Mei ‘
interchange of patent
I rights and technical infbr-
I mation for defense pur-
I poses, and exchange of
notes. Signed at Bonn
1 January 4,1956; entered
I into force January 4,1956.
| TIAS 3478
_ _ _ _ Agreement relating
procedures for reciprocal weapons production _
filing of classified patent I gram. Exchange of notes at
applications in the United I Bonn May 27,1960; entered
States and the Federal | into force May 27,1960.
Republic of Germany. Ex- TIAS 4504
change of notes at Bonn
March 9 and May 23, I
1959, and related note of |
July 31,1959; entered into |
force May 26,1959.
TIAS 4369. 1
of under-
standing relating to coop-
erative tests for the
ROLAND 2 all weather
short range air defense
system, with annexes.
Signed at Bonn and Wash-
ington February 18 and 28,
1975; entered into force
February 28,1975.
TIAS 9636
to a — Memorandum
pro-
Amendment: |
January 14 and May 28,.
1964 (TIAS 5601).
Memorandum of under-
standing for coproduction
and sale of modular thermal
imaging systems (MOD
FLIR) and their compo-
nents, with annexes. Signed
at Washington and Bonn
February 27 and March 3,
1978; entered into force
April 20,1978.
TIAS 10876
L_ Memorandum of under-
standing concerning a coop-
erative program for harmo-
nization, development, pro-
duction and support of a
maritime patrol aircraft,
with annexes. Signed at
Bonn and Washington Feb-
ruary 17 and April 5,1989;
entered into force April 5,
1989.
TIAS 12302
米国と主要同盟国との二国間安全保障関連条約•協定体制の比較分析 275
Memorandum of under-Agreement on the releasee-
standing concerning coop-
erative development of an
advanced surface-to-air mis-
sile system. Signed at
Washington and Bonn July
16 and 22,1976; entered
into force July 22,1976.
TIAS 8658
and testing of strebo
submunitions and on the
exchange of information.
Signed at Washington and
Bonn August 4 and Novem-
ber 4,1976; entered into
force November 4,1976.
TIAS 12298
Agreement relating to the —
security of information on
the JT-10D aircraft engine.
Exchange of notes at Wash-
ington February 24 and
March 18,1977; entered
into force March 18,1977.
TIAS 8708
Memorandum of under-
standing for coproduction
and sale of the sidewinder
AIM-9L missile system.
Signed at Washington Octo-
ber 7,1977; entered into
force October 14,1977.
TIAS 9202
Amendment:
March 17 and April 21,1978
(TIAS 9202).
Memorandum of under-— Memorandum of under- Memorandum of under- •— Memorandum of under・
standing concerning the
principles governing mutual
cooperation in the research
and development, produc-
tion, procurement and logis-
tic support of defense equip-
ment. Signed at
Schwanewede October 17,
1978; entered into force
October 17,1978.
TIAS 12297
standing for the dual pro-
duction and sale of the
stinger weapon system, with
agreed minute and annexes.
Signed at Washington April
27,1983; entered into force
April 27,1983.
TIAS
Amendments:
March 20 and 26,1986.
March 23 and April 24,
1995.
April 24 and May 14,1996.
July 10 and August 22,
1996.
standing concerning a coop-
erative project of research
in the field of powder
metallurgy of titanium al-
loys. Signed at Washington
January 8,1985; entered
into force January 8,1985.
TIAS 11140
standing concerning coop-
erative production of the
EX-31 guided missile
weapon system, with an-
nexes. Signed at Washing-
ton August 3,1987; entered
into force September 17,
1987.
TIAS 12300
Memorandum of under-Memorandum of agreement^—Memorandum of under- — Memorandum of under-
standing for cooperative
projects of research and
development in the field of
high energy laser technol-
ogy, with annex. Signed at
Bonn April14,1989; en-
tered into force April 14,
1989.
TIAS 12303
Amendment and extension:
April 7 and May 26,1994
(TIAS 12303).
concerning a cooperative
program for extended air
defense, with attachment
and annex. Signed at Wash-
ington and Bonn April 28
and May 17,1989; entered
into force May 17,1989.
TIAS 11702
standing concerning the
joint research, development
and demonstration of ad-
vanced armor protection
system (AAPS), with an-
nexes. Signed at Washing-
ton and Bonn January 4 and
11,1990; entered into force
January 11,1990.
TIAS 12304
standing concerning the
SAXON-FPN synthetic ap-
erture radar experiment,
with annexes. Signed at
Washington and Bonn May
25 and June 1,1990;
entered into force June 1,
1990.
TIAS 12306
276 (桃山法学創刊号’03)
表 5-1(3)
-Memorandum of under-
standing for cooperation
within the area of army
tactical data systems for the
purpose of standardization
and interoperability. Signed
at Washington and Bonn
January 6 and April 14,
1980; entered into force
April14,1980.
TIAS 9751
■ Memorandum of under- ■
standing for a cooperative
software development and
implementation for the
EIFEL system, with annex.
Signed at Bonn and Wash-
ington March 10 and June
13,1986; entered into force
June 13,1986.
TIAS
Memorandum of under-
standing concerning Ger-
man support of the joint
U.S. services program for
testing and evaluation of
the IFFN system, with
annexes. Signed at Bonn
and Washington July 14
and August 3,1988; entered
into force August 3» 1988.
TIAS 12301
Agreement concerning the
support of USAFE A-10
aircraft at forward operat-
ing locations (FOLS) in the
territory of the Federal
Republic of Germany, with
related letter. Signed at
Bonn and Ramstein Novem-
ber 5 and 9,1981;entered
into force November 9,1981;
effective October 1,1979.
TIAS 10293
Agreement concerning host’
nation support during crisis
or war, with annexes.
Signed at Bonn April15,
1982; entered into force
April15,1982.
TIAS 10376
Agreement concerning mu-
tual support in Europe and
adjacent waters, with an-
nex. Signed at Bonn Janu-
ary 21,1983; entered into
force January 21,1983.
TIAS 12299
Amendments:
December 21,1987 (TIAS
12299).
January 21 and 26,1994
(TIAS 12299).
米国と主要同盟国との二国間安全保障関連条約•協定体制の比較分析 277
L Memorandum of under- ‘
standing for cooperative
projects of research and
development in the field of
modular avionics, with
supplement. Signed at Bonn
and Washington June 26
and July 3,1990; entered
into force July 3,1990.
TIAS 12307
—Memorandum of agreement«
concerning a joint enhanced
maneuverable fighter air-
craft research, development
and flight test program,
with annexes. Signed at
Arlington and Bonn March
25 and June 11,1992;
entered into force June 11,
1992.
TIAS 12309
Memorandum of under—
standing for cooperative
research in the field of
helicopter aeromechanics,
with annex. Signed at
Alexandria and Bonn Sep-
tember 2 and 16,1994;
entered into force Septem-
ber 16,1994.
TIAS 12311
Memorandum of under-
standing for research and
technology projects, with
annex. Signed at Bonn and
Washington March 9 and
17,1995; entered into force
March 17,1995.
TIAS 12313
- ■ Memorandum of agreement*
for the acquisition and co-
production of air-to-air
STINGER (ATAS) sub-
system components, with
annex. Signed at Bonn and
Washington January 24 and
March 27,1995; entered
into force March 27,1995.
TIAS 12314
Amendment:
August 20 and November
23,1999.
Memorandum of agreement
for the Vectoring Extremely
Short Take Off and Landing
(ESTOL) Control Tailless
Operation Research (VEC-
TOR) technology demonstra-
tion project, with annex.
Signed at Bonn and Wash-
ington April 6 and 15,1999;
entered into force April15,
1999.
TIAS
.Agreement concerning coop–
erative engineering and
manufacturing development
of the RAM Block I Upgrade
to the MK-31 Guided Mis-
sile Weapon System
(GMWS), with annexes.
Signed at Bonn and Wash-
ington March 14 and 27,
1996; entered into force
March 27,1996.
TIAS
278 (桃山法学創刊号’03)
表 5-1(4)
Memorandum of under-,
standing concerning a coop-
erative program on biologi-
cal effects of ionizing radia-
tion. Signed at Bonn and
Washington August 2 and
23,1993; entered into fore
August 23,1993.
T1AS 12310
Agreement concerning col-
laborative logistics support
measures for the Nuclear,
Biological, Chemical Recon-
naissance System (NBCRS).
Signed at Alexandria and
Bonn March 30 and April
18,1995; entered into force
April18,1995.
TIAS 12629
Memorandum of agreement
concerning German partici-
pation in the George C.
Marshall European Center
for Security Studies at
Garmisch-Partenkirchen,
with annexes. Signed at
Stuttgart December 2,1994;
entered into force December
2,1994.
TIAS 12312
Agreement for participation
in the German Geoscience
Space Mission CHAMP.
Signed at Washington and
Bonn January 28 and Feb-
ruary 12,1999; entered into
force February 12,1999.
TIAS
米国と主要同盟国との二国間安全保障関連条約•協定体制の比較分析 279
この頁は空欄です
280 (桃山法学創刊号’03)
表6 —1:米・イスラエル安全保障関連条約•協定体制
一 Agreement relating to gen-*
eral procurement arrange-
ments for goods and ser-
vices. Exchange of notes at
Washington July 15 and 20,
1965; entered into force
July 20,1965.
TIAS 5839
Agreement relating to the-
purchase of various goods
from Israel for sale in
United States Navy ships
stores overseas. Exchange of
notes at Washington July 20
and 26,1965; entered into
force July 26,1965.
TIAS 5838
Agreement regarding pay-
ment for tooling costs of
accelerated production of M-
60A1 tanks. Signed at
Washington and New York
August 22 and October 23,
1975; entered into force
October 23,1975.
TIAS 12324
■^Agreement concerning fund-
ing of airbase construction.
Signed at Tel Aviv April 6,
1979; entered into force
April 6,1979.
TIAS 9451
—Agreement concerning con-
struction of airbase facili-
ties. Signed at Tel Aviv
April 6,1979; entered into
force April 6,1979.
TIAS 9450
Agreement relating to ■
mutual defense assis-
tance. Exchange of
notes at Tel Aviv July
1 and 23,1952; en-
tered into force July
23,1952.
TIAS 2675
I Exchange of Notes on |
■ Military Information,.
.1963
I General security of |
information agree-
ment. Exchange of1
I notes at Tel Aviv and I
\ Jerusalem July 30 and |
I December 10,1982;(
entered into force De-
1 cember 10,1982. 1
I TIAS 10617 I
一 Memorandum of agreement*
concerning the principles
governing mutual coopera-
tion in research and devel-
opment, scientist and engi-
neer exchange, and procure-
ment and logistic support of
defense equipment, with
annexes and attachment.
Signed at Washington De-
cember 14,1987; entered
into force December 14,
1987.
TIAS
Amendment:
December 19,1997 and
January 8,1998.
Mutual logistic support
agreement, with annexes.
Signed at Stuttgart-
Vaihingen and Tel Aviv
May 10 and 24,1988;
entered into force May 24,
1988.
TIAS 12325.
Amendment;
June 22,1990 and October
9,1991 (TIAS 12325).
Memorandum of agreement >
concerning the tactical high
energy laser (THEL) ad-
vanced concept technology
demonstration (ACTD).
Signed at Washington and
Tel Aviv July 12 and 18,
1996; entered into force July
18,1996.
TIAS
Amendments:
April 20 and May 2,1997.
December 3 and 12,1997.
Acquisition and cross-ser-
vicing agreement, with an-
nexes. Signed at Washing-
ton and Stuttgart February
9 and 10,1998; entered into
force February 10,1998.
TIAS
Agreement for technology
research and development
projects, with annex. Signed
at Washington and Tel Aviv
August 22 and September 3,
1996; entered into force
September 3,1996.
TIAS
—Agreement on the status of ■
United States personnel,
with annexes and related
letter. Signed at Jerusalem
January 22,1991; entered
into force January 12,1994.
TIAS
Agreement on the status of
Israeli personnel. Signed at
Jerusalem January 22,
1991; entered into force
January 12,1994.
TIAS
—Agreement relating to as-
surances and economic as-
sistance &8 authorized in
the Mutual Security Act of
1951, Exchange of notes at
Washington, December 7,
1951 entered into force
December 7,1951
TIAS 2462
米国と主要同盟国との二国間安全保障関連条約•協定体制の比較分析 281
Memorandum of under-
standing for a loan of a
multi-sensor integrated sys-
tem for the purpose of test
and evaluation. Signed at
Tel Aviv and Washington
September 13 and October
18,1991; entered into force
October 18,1991; entered
into force October 18,1991.
TIAS 12326
—Agreement for the loan of
Python-4 infrared air-to-air
missiles for the purpose of
testing, evaluation and
analysis. Signed at Tel Aviv
March 29, 2000; entered
into force March 29, 2000.
TIAS
Agreement amending and
extending the memorandum
of agreement of March 30,
1989, as amended and
extended, concerning coop-
erative research on develop-
ment and implementation of
a theater ballistic mieeile
defense test bed. Signed at
Washington and New York
March 29,1999; entered
into force March 29,1999.
TIAS
282 (桃山法学創刊号’03)
表?-1:米日安全保障関連条約•協定体制(1)
“—Agreement for return of^— Arrangement relating to the
equipment under article I of
the mutual defense assis-
tance agreement. Signed at
Tokyo March 8,1954;
entered into force May 1,
1954.
TIAS 2958
furnishing of military equip-
ment pursuant to article I of
the mutual defense assis-
tance agreement. Exchange
of notes at Tokyo January 7,
1955; entered into force
January 7,1955.
TIAS 3161
Understanding revising ref-
erences to the mutual
security treaty (TIAS 4509)
and the administrative
agreement in the mutual
defense assistance agree-
ment of March 8,1954
(TIAS 2957). Exchange of
notes at Washington Janu-
ary 19,1960; entered into
force June 23,1960.
TIAS 4511
Agreement relating to the — Agreement relating to the
transfer of military equip-
ment and supplies to Japan.
Exchange of notes at Tokyo
November 19,1954; entered
into force November 19,
1954.
TIAS 3101
change in designation of
organization of its personnel
from Military Assistance
Advisory Group to the
Mutual Defense Assistance
Office pursuant to the
mutual defense assistance
agreement of March 8,1954
(TIAS 2957). Exchange of
notes at Tokyo July 4,1969;
entered into force July 4,
1969.
TIAS 6715
Mutual defense assistance
agreement, with annexes.
Signed at Tokyo March 8,
1954; entered into force
May 1,1954.
TIAS 2957
——Treaty of mutual coop-
eration and security,
with agreed minute
and exchanges of notes.
Signed at Washington
January 19,1960; en-
tered into force June
23,1960.
TIAS 4509
Amendment:
December 26,1990
(TIAS 12335).
一 Agreement relating to a
cost-sharing program for
the production and develop-
ment in Japan of P2V anti-
submarine and sea patrol
aircraft. Exchange of notes
at Tokyo January 25,1958;
entered into force January
25,1958.
TIAS 3984
I Agreement to facilitate the
I interchange of patent
I rights and technical infbr-
I mation for purposes of
defense, and protocol.
‘Signed at Tokyo March 22,
I 1956; entered into force
I June 6,1956.
t TIAS 3585
Agreement implement- I
ing the agreement of |
March 22,1956, to |
facilitate interchange
of patent rights and
technical information ‘
for purposes of defense, I
with memorandum of f
understanding, proce- |
dures, related notes
and letters. Exchange *
of notes at Tokyo April I
12,1988; entered into |
force April12,1988. ■
TIAS
Agreement under article VI
of the treaty of mutual
cooperation and security
regarding facilities and ar*
eas and the status of United
States armed forces in
Japan, with agreed minutes
and exchange of notes.
Signed at Washington Janu-
ary 19,1960; entered into
force June 23,1960.
TIAS 4510
Agreement concerning spe-
cial measures relating to
article XXIV of the agree-
ment under article VI (TIAS
4510) of the treaty of
mutual cooperation and se-
curity regarding facilities
and areas and the status of
United States forces in
Japan, with agreed min-
utes. Signed at Tokyo
January 30,1987; entered
into force June 1,1987.
TIAS 12328
Amendment:
March 2,1988 (TIAS 12328)
Agreement for the |
transfer of defense- j
related technologies,
with annex. Exchange
of notes at Tokyo,
November 8,1983; en- I
tered into force Novem- |
ber 8,1983. .
TIAS 10835 1
Amendments: I
January 8,1988 (TIAS |
12329). [
December 22,1994
(TIAS 12329). 1
February 6,1998. I
L Agreement concerning new
special measures relating to
Article XXIV of the agree-
ment of January 19,1960,
under Article VI of the
treaty of mutual cooperation
and security regarding fa-
cilities and areas and the
status of United States
armed forces in Japan, with
agreed minutes and ex-
change of notes. Signed at
Washington January 14,
1991; entered into force
April17,1991.
TIAS
■ Agreement concerning new
special measures relating to
Article XXIV of the agree-
ment of January 19,1960,
under Article VI of the
treaty of mutual cooperation
and security regarding fa-
cilities and areas and the
status of United States
armed forces in Japan, with
agreed minutes and ex-
change of notes. Signed at
New York September 27,
1995; entered into force
April1,1996.
TIAS 12693
米国と主要同盟国との二国間安全保障関連条約•協定体制の比較分析 283
Agreement relating to cost-
sharing of United States
furnished equipment for one
NIKE and two HAWK
surface-to-air missile battab
ions with annex. Exchange
of notes at Tokyo April 26,
1963; entered into force
April 26,1963.
TIAS 5347
Agreement relating to a—
program of aircraft assem-
bly or manufacture in
Japan. Exchange of notes at
Tokyo June 3,1955; entered
into force June 3,1955.
TIAS 3383
Agreement setting forth
understanding with respect
to the program of aircraft
assembly or manufacture in
Japan pursuant to the
agreement of June 3,1955.
Exchange of notes at Tokyo
April13,1956; entered into
force April13,1956.
TIAS 3547 - Agreement relating to a
program for the assembly
and manufacture in Japan
of F-104 type aircraft by
Japanese industry. Ex-
change of notes at Tokyo
April15,1960; entered into
force April15,1960.
TIAS 4471
■ Agreement relating to a
joint cost-sharing program
for the production of equip-
ment and the providing of
technical assistance for the
base air defense ground
environment (BADGE) sys-
tem. Exchange of notes at
Tokyo December 4,1964;
entered into force December
4,1964.
TIAS 5724
*Agreement relating to a
production program in Ja-
pan of the Hawk and Nike
Hercules missile system.
Exchange of notes at Tokyo
October 13,1967; entered
into force October 13,1967.
TIAS 6365 - Agreement relating to a«
program for the acquisition
and production in Japan of
the F-4EJ aircraft and
related equipment and ma-
terial. Exchange of notes at
Tokyo April 4,1969; entered
into force April 4,1969.
TIAS 6664
Agreement relating to the*
production and acquisition
in Japan of the Sparrow
missile for ship-to-air appli-
cation. Exchange of notes at
Tokyo July 12,1977; en-
tered into force October 7,
1977.
TIAS 8896
Agreement relating to ac-
quisition and production in
Japan of F-15 aircraft and
related equipment and ma-
terials. Exchange of notes at
Toyo June 20,1978; entered
into force June 20,1978.
TIAS 9267
LAgreement relating to ac-1
quisition and production in
Japan of P-3C aircraft and
related equipment and ma-
terials. Exchange of notes at
Tokyo June 20,1978; en-
tered into force June 20,
1978.
TIAS 9268
■ Agreement relating to the-
acquisition and production
in Japan of the patriot
weapon system. Exchange of
notes at Tokyo October 4,
1985; entered into force
October 4,1985.
TIAS 11979
■ Agreement relating to a-
program for the develop-
ment of the XSH-60J
weapon system. Exchange of
notes at Tokyo January 20,
1987; entered into force
January 20,1987.
TIAS 12014
Agreement concerning the
acquiaition and production
of the EP-3 aircraft in
Japan. Exchange of notes at
Tokyo March 29,1988;
entered into fbrce March 29,
1988.
TIAS
Amendments:
March 31,1992.
March 26,1993.
March 29,1994.
March 31,1995.
March 29,1996.
March 28,1997.
March 27,1998.
ement concerning the ^—Agreement concerning the ^—Agreement concerning the Agreement amending the
acquisition and production
in Japan of the HYDRA 70
Rocket System. Exchange of
notes at Tokyo March 31,
1989; entered into force
March 31,1989.
TIAS 12332
acquisition and production
in Japan of the SH-60J and
UH-60J aircraft. Exchange
of notes at Tokyo March 31,
1989; entered into force
March 31,1989.
TIAS
Amendments:
March 30,1990.
March 29,1991.
March 31,1992.
January 8,1993.
March 22,1994.
March 10,1995.
March 29,1996.
March 28,1997.
March 27,1998.
March 23,1999.
acquisition and production
in Japan of the Sparrow
Missile System (AIM-7M).
Exchange of notes at Tokyo
March 27,1990; entered
into force March 27,1990.
TIAS 12333.
Amendment:
March 29,1991 (TIAS
12333).
agreement of December 17,
1982, as amended, for the
acquisition and production
in Japan of the AH-IS
helicopter system. Exchange
of notes at Tokyo March 31,
1992; entered into force
March 31,1992.
TIAS
284 (桃山法学創刊号’03)
表 7-1(2)
—Agreement relating to the
furnishing of assistance in
the field of training for
defense services personnel
and defense-related civilian
personnel. Exchange of
notes at Tokyo January 21,
1986; entered into force
January 21,1986.
TIAS 12005
一 Agreement concerning
Japanese participation in
research in the strategic
defense intiative. Signed at
Washington July 21,1987;
entered into force July 21,
1987.
TIAS
■ Agreement on cooperation .
in the development of the
support fighter (FS-X)
weapon system. Exchange of
notes at Tokyo November
29,1988; entered into force
November 29,1988.
TIAS 12330
March 27,
into force
ement concerning a.
cooperative modification
program for the ACES II
Ejection Seat. Exchange of
notes at Tokyo ーー
1998; entered
March 27,1998.
TIAS
Agreement concerning
Japan’s financial contribu-
tion for U.S. administrative
and related expenses for the
Japanese fiscal year 1990
pursuant to the mutual
defense assistance agree-
ment of March 8,1954.
Exchange of notes at Tokyo
August 28,1990; entered
into force August 28,1990.
TIAS 12334
.Agreement concemi ng,
Japan’s financial contribu-
tion for U.S. administrative
and related expenses for the
Japanese fiscal year 1991
pursuant to the mutual
defense assistance agree-
ment of March 8,1954.
Exchange of notes at Tokyo
September 27,1991; entered
into force September 27,
1991.
TIAS 12336
Agreement concerning re-
ciprocal provision of logistic
support, supplies and ser-
vices between the Armed
Forces of the United States
of America and the Self-
Defense Forces of Japan,
with annex. Signed at Tokyo
April15,1996; entered into
force October 22,1996.
TIAS
Agreement concerning a
cash contribution by Japan
for administrative and re-
lated expenses arising from
implementation of the mu-
tual defense agreement.
Exchange of notes at Tokyo
December 17,1996; entered
into force December 17,
1996.
TIAS
Amendment;
April 28,1998.
米国と主要同盟国との二国間安全保障関連条約•協定体制の比較分析 285
Agreement concerning the,
acquisition and production
in Japan of the Multiple
Launch Rocket System and
related equipment and ma-
terials. Exchange of notes at
Tokyo January 8,1993;
entered into force January
8,1993.
TIAS
Amendment:
January 28,1997.
,Agreement for the assembly.
and repair in Japan of the
AN/ALQ-131 System (Elec-
tronic Countermeasures
Pod) and related equipment
and materials, with ex-
change of letters. Exchange
of notes at Tokyo March 12,
1993; entered into force
March 12,1993.
TIAS 12338.
Agreement relating to the.
production of the Support
Fighter (F-2) Weapon sys-
tem. Exchange of notes at
Tokyo July 30,1996; en-
tered into force July 30.
1996.
TIAS
■ Agreement concerning the
acquisition and production
in Japan of the UH-60J and
UH-60JA aircraft and re-
lated equipment and mate-
rial. Exchange of notes at
Tokyo March 10, 2000;
entered into force March 10,
2000.
TIAS
Agreement concerning coop- ^—Agreement concerning coop- — Agreement
erative research of fighting
vehicle propulsion technol-
ogy using ceramic materi-
als. Exchange of notes at
Tokyo October 31,1995;
entered into force October
31,1995.
erative research of ad-
vanced steel technology.
Exchange of notes at Tokyo
October 31,1995; entered
into force October 31,1995.
TIAS 12344
TIAS 12701
concerning
furnishing of information
from the Government of the
United States to the Gov-
ernment of Japan which will
be necessary for the effec-
tive conduct of the studies
on ballistic missile defense
the —^Agree ment concerning a
program for the cooperative
research of eyesafe laser
by the Government of
Japan. Exchange of notes at
Tokyo February 23,1996;
entered into force February
23,1996.
TIAS
radar. Exchange of notes at
Washington September 20,
1996; entered into force
September 20t 1996.
TIAS
Agreement concerning Agreement concerning a——————Agreement concerning a———Agreement concerning a
program for the cooperative
research of Advanced Hy-
brid Propulsion Technolo-
gies. Exchange of notes at
Tokyo May 26,1998; en-
tered into force May 26,
1998.
TIAS
program for the cooperative
research of Shallow Water
Acoustic Technology
(SWAT). Exchange of notes
at Tokyo June 16,1999;
entered into force June 18,
1999.
TIAS
program for the cooperative
research on ballistic missile
defense technologies. Ex-
change of notes at Tokyo
August 16,1999; entered
into force August 16,1999.
TIAS
program for the cooperative
research of Low Vulnerabil-
ity Gun Propellant for
Artillery. Exchange of notes
at Tokyo March 24, 2000;
entered into force March 24,
2000.
TIAS
Agreement
Japan’s financial contribu-
tion for U.S. administrative
and related expenses for the
Japanese fiscal year 1992
pursuant to the mutual
defense assistance agree-
ment of March 8,1954, with
related exchange of letters.
Exchange of notes at Tokyo
September 25,1992; entered
into force September 25,
1992.
concerning ^—Agreement
Japan’s financial contribu-
tion for U.S. administrative
and related expenses for the
Japanese fiscal year 1993
pursuant to the mutual
defense assistance agree-
ment of March 8,1954.
Exchange of notes at Tokyo
February 1,1994; entered
into force February 1,1994.
TIAS 12339.
concerning — Agreement
Japan’s financial contribu-
tion for U.S. administrative
and related expenses for the
Japanese fiscal year 1994
pursuant to the mutual
defense assistance agree-
ment of March 8,1954.
Exchange of notes at Tokyo
December 6,1994; entered
into force December 6,1994.
TIAS 12340.
concerning*>^ Agreement
concerning
Japan’s financial contribu-
tion for U.S. administrative
and related expenses for
Japanese fiscal year 1995
pursuant to the mutual
defense assistance agree-
ment of March 8,1954.
Exchange of notes at Tokyo
October 13,1995; entered
into force October 13,1995.
TIAS 12342.
TIAS 12337
Agreement concerning a Agreement
cash contribution by Japan
fbr administrative and re-
lated expenses arising from
implementation of the mu-
tual defense agreement.
Exchange of notes at Tokyo
October 17,1997; entered
into force October 17,1997.
TIAS
concerning a
cash contribution by Japan
for administrative and re-
lated expenses arising from
implementation of the mu-
tual defense agreement.
Exchange of notes at Tokyo
May 29,1998; entered into
fore May 29,1998.
TIAS
Agreement concerning a Agreement concerning a
cash contribution by Japan cash contribution by Japan
for administrative and re-
for administrative and re-
lated expenses arising from
implementation of the mu-
tual defense agreement.
Exchange of notes at Tokyo
June 29,1999; entered into
force June 29,1999.
TIAS
lated expenses arising from
implementation of the mu-
tual defense assistance
agreement of March 8,1954.
Exchange of notes at Tokyo
June 2, 2000; entered into
fore June 2, 2000.
TIAS
286 (桃山法学創刊号’03)
相互防衛援助協定・
； GSOMIA ;
:軍事技術特許i
: I !
!共同開発の枠組み:
表1—2 :米英同盟体制
• 基地•施設 ★★★★★
• ミサイル発射場
•海洋調査
•兵器移転•調達
• ミサイル供給ーポラリス潜水艦
•早期警戒
• 兵器生産ー研究・開発一共同開発 ★★★★
•諜報協力★
•人員交流•訓練★★
•通信施設★
•その他
表2 — 2 :米加同盟体制
統合防衛委員会設立協定一
GSOMIA
•基地•施設★★ - 兵器生産一軍事技術•共同開発 ★★
•人員交流•訓練
•武器移転•調達
•兵站•経済協力
•早期警戒情報ー北米防空司令部★★★★
•諜報協力★★
•その他
相互防衛援助協定
I
GSOMIA
表3-2:米豪同盟体制 - 兵器研究•開発一共同開発
•人員交流•訓練★★
•通信施設★★
•宇宙関連実験★
•航空基地ー航空サービス
•兵站
相互防衛援助条約—-
GSOMIA
米国と主要同盟国との二国間安全保障関連条約•協定体制の比較分析 287
表4 – 2 :米仏同盟体制
•基地・補給処
•兵器移転•輸出
•通信 - 軍事技術移転•特許一兵器生産•共同開発 ★★
•兵站
•その他
:情報相万:運用性i
相互防衛援助条約—-
表5-2 :米独同盟体制
•武器移転•調達
•人員交流•訓練★★
• 軍事技術移転•特許一兵器生産•共同開発 ★★★
• NATO軍の地位について
•戦術データ通信
• ホスト•ネーション•サポート
•その他
表6-2:米•イスラエル同盟体制
相互安援助協定——-
I
GSOMIA
•武器•物資調達 - 航空基地•施設
•軍事技術
•兵站
•人員交流
•経済援助
相互防衛援助協定/条約ー
軍事技術特許
表7-2:米日同盟体制
•武器移転
•兵器生産•調達★★★★
•基地•施設★★ - 軍事技術 研究•開発 ★★★★
•資金提供★★★
•その他
288 (桃山法学創刊号’03)
FRANCE
Protection of Classified Information
Agreement effected by exchange of notes
Signed at Paris September 7,1977;
Entered into force September 7,1977.
The American Ambassador to the French Secretary-General,
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
PARIS, September 7,1977
EXCELLENCY:
Referring to the negotiations which took place between the repre-
sentatives of our two governments in Paris December 1-3, 1975 con-
cerning the protection of all classified information which is exchanged
between the competent authorities of the two governments, I have
the honor to propose that:
- All classified information communicated directly or indirectly
between our two governments be protected in accordance with
the following principles:
a . the recipient will not release the information to a third gov-
ernment without the approval of the releasing government;
b . the recipient will afford the information a degree of protec-
tion equivalent to that afforded it by the releasing govern-
ment;
c . the recipient will not use the information for other than the
米国と主要同盟国との二国間安全保障関連条約•協定体制の比較分析 289
purpose for which it was given;
d . the recipient will respect private rights, such as patents, cop-
yrights, or trade secrets which are involved in the informa-
tion; and
e . the recipient will report promptly and in a very detailed
manner any known or suspected compromise of classified
information received under the terms of this agreement. - Classified information and material will be transferred only on a
govemment-to-govemment basis. - For the purpose of this agreement classified information is that
official information which in the interests of national security of
the releasing government, and in accordance with applicable na-
tional laws and regulations, requires protection against unaut-
horized disclosure and which has been designated as classified
by appropriate security authority. This embraces any classified
information, be it oral, visual, or in the form of material. Mate-
rial may by any document, product, or substance on, or in which,
information may be recorded or embodied. Material shall en-
compass everything regardless of its physical character or make-
up including, but not limited to, documents, writing, hardware,
equipment, machinery, apparatus, devices, models, photographs,
recordings, reproductions, notes, sketches, plans, prototypes, de-
signs, configurations, maps, and letters, as well as all other pro-
ducts, substances, or materials from which information can be
derived. - Information classified by either of our two governments and fur-
nished by either government to the other through government
channels will be assigned a classification by appropriate authori-
ties of the receiving government which will assure a degree of
290 (桃山法学削刊号,03)
protection equivalent to that required by the government furnish-
ing the information. - This Agreement will apply to all exchanges of classified informa-
tion between all agencies and authorized officials of our two gov-
ernments. However, this Agreement will not apply to classified
information for which separate security agreements and arrange-
ments already have been concluded. Details regarding channels
of communication and the application of the foregoing principles
will be the subject of such technical arrangements (including an
Industrial Security Arrangement) as may be necessary between
appropriate agencies of our respective governments. - Each government will permit security experts of the other gov-
ernment to make periodic visits to its territory, when it is mutu-
ally convenient, to discuss with its security authorities its proce-
dures and facilities for the protection of classified information
furnished to it by the other government. Each government will
assist such experts in determining whether classified information
provided by their government to the other government is being
adequately protected. - a . in the event that either government or their contractors
awards a contract involving classified information for perfor-
mance within the territory of the other government, then the
government of the country in which performance under the
contract is taking place will assume responsibility for admin-
istering security measures for the protection of such classi-
fied information in accordance with its own standards and
requirements.
b . Prior to the release of any classified information to a con-
tractor or prospective contractor, the recipient government
米国と主要同盟国との二国間安全保障関連条約•協定体制の比較分析 291
will, in accordance with national regulations:
1.insure that such contractor or prospective contractor and
his facility have the capability to protect the classified
information adequately; - grand to the facility an appropriate security clearance to
this effect; - grant appropriate security clearance for all personnel
whose duties require access to the classified information; - insure that all persons having access to classified infor-
mation are informed of their responsibilities to protect
the information in accordance with applicable laws; - carry out periodic security inspections of cleared facil-
ities ; - assure that access to classified information is limited to
those persons who have a need to know for official pur-
poses. A request for authorization to visit a facility when
access to the classified information is involved will be
submitted to the appropriate department or agency of
the government of the country where the facility is locat-
ed by an agency designated for this purpose by the other
government; this request will include a statement of the
security clearance, the official status of the visitor and
the reason for the visit. Blanket authorizations for visits
over extended periods may be arranged. The government
to which the request is submitted will be responsible for
advising the contractor of the proposed visit and for
authorizing the visit to be made. - Costs incurred in conducting security investigations or inspec-
tions required hereunder will not be subject to reimbursement.
292 (桃山法学創刊号’03)
If the foregoing is agreeable to your government, I propose that
this note and your reply to that effect shall constitute a General
Security of Information Agreement between our two governments
effective the date of your reply.
Accept, Excellency, the renewed assurances of my highest consid-
eration.
ARTHUR A. HARTMAN
His Excellency
JEAN-MARIE SOUTOU,
Secretary-General
Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
Paris.
The American Charge ^Affaires ad interim
to the Israeli Minister of Foreign Affairs
EMBASSY OF THE
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Tel Aviv, July 30,1982
Excellency:
I have the honor to refer to the exchange of notes between the
Honorable U. Alexis Johnson for the Secretary of State of the United
States of America, and the Honorable Avraham Harman, Ambassa-
dor of Israel, signed on March 25,1963, [‘] at the Department of
米国と主要同盟国との二国間安全保障関連条約•協定体制の比較分析 293
State, Washington, D. C., concerning the protection of classified in-
formation exchanged between our two governments.
The United States Government believes it is desirable to update
and record the basic principals which govern the exchange of such
information. I have the honor to propose, therefore, a confirmation
of the mutual understanding, that, with respect to the exchange of
such classified information communicated between our two govern-
ments, the following principles will apply to information designated
by the Government of the United States as uConfidential/* “Secret”
or “Top Secret** and to information designated by your Government
as coming within the purview of this agreement:
His Excellency
Yitzhak Shamir,
Minister of Foreign Affairs of Israel.
GENERAL SECURITY OF INFORMATION AGREEMENT
“1.All classified information communicated directly or indirectly
between our two governments shall be protected in accordance
with the following principles:
a . The recipient government will not release the information to
a third government or any other party without the approval
of the releasing government;
b . the recipient government will afford the information a degree
of protection equivalent to that afforded it by the releasing
government;
c . the recipient government will not use the information for
1 Not printed.
294 (桃山法学創刊号,03)
other than the purpose for which it was given; and
d . the recipient will respect private rights, such as patents, copy-
rights, or trade secrets which are involved in the information.
“2. Classified information and material shall be transferred only on
a govemment-to-government basis and only to persons who have
appropriate security clearance for access to it.
“3. For the purpose of this agreement classified information is that
information or material which in the interests of national secu-
rity of the releasing government, and in accordance with appli-
cable national laws and regulations, requires protection against
unauthorized disclosure and which has been designated as classi-
fied by appropriate security authority. This includes any classi-
fied information, in any form, including written, oral or visual.
Material may be any document, product, or substance on, or in
which information may be recorded or embodied. Material shall
encompass everything regardless of its physical character or
makeup including, but not limited to, documents, writing, hard-
ware, equipment, machinery, apparatus, devices, models, photo-
graphs, recordings, reproductions, notes, sketches, plans, proto-
types, designs, configurations, maps, and letters, as well as all
other products, substances, or items from which information can
be derived.
Information classified by either of our two governments and fur-
nished by either government to the other through government
channels will be assigned a classification by appropriate author-
ities of the receiving government which will assure a degree of
protection equivalent to that required by the government fur-
nishing the information.
“5. This Agreement shall apply to all exchanges of classified infor-
米国と主要同盟国との二国間安全保障関連条約•協定体制の比較分析 295
mation between all agencies and authorized officials of our two
governments. Details regarding channels of communication and
the application of the foregoing principles shall be the subject of
such technical arrangements (including an Industrial Security
Agreement) as may be necessary between appropriate agencies
of our respective governments.
“6. Each government will permit security experts of the other gov-
ernment to make periodic visits to its territory, when it is mutu-
ally convenient, to discuss with its security authorities its proce-
dures and facilities for the protection of classified information
furnished to it by the other government. Each government will
assist such experts in determining whether such information pro-
vided to it by the other government is being adequately protect-
ed.
“7. The recipient government will investigate all cases in which it is
known or there are grounds for suspecting that classified infor-
mation from the originating government has been lost or dis-
closed to unauthorized persons. The recipient government shall
also promptly and fully inform the originating government of the
details of any such occurrences, and of the final results of the
investigation and corrective action taken to preclude recurrences.
“8. a . in the event that either government or its contractors award
a contract involving classified information for performance
within the territory of the other government, then the gov-
ernment of the country in which performance under the con-
tract is taking place will assume responsibility for adminis-
tering security measures within its own territory for the pro-
tection of such classified information in accordance with its
own standards and requirements.
296 (桃山法学創刊号’03)
b . Prior to the release to a contractor or prospective contractor
of any classified information received from the other govern-
ment, the recipient government will:
(1) insure that such contractor or prospective contractor
and his facility have the capability to protect the infor-
mation adequately;
(2) grant to the facility an appropriate security clearance to
this effect;
(3) grant appropriate security clearance for all personnel
whose duties require access to the information;
(4) insure that all persons having access to the information
are informed of their responsibilities to protect the infor-
mation in accordance with applicable laws;
(5) carry out periodic security inspections of cleared facil-
ities ;
(6) assure that access to the information is limited to those
persons who have a need to know for official purposes.
A request for authorization to visit a facility when access
to the classified information is involved will be submitted
to the appropriate department or agency of the govern-
ment of the country where the facility is located by an
agency designated for this purpose by the other govern-
ment. For the United States, the request will be submit-
ted through the U. S. Military Attache in Tel Aviv; for
Israel the request will be submitted through the Israeli
Military Attache or Procurement Mission to the U. S., as
appropriate. The request will include a statement of the
security clearance, the official status of the visitor and
the reason for the visit. Blanket authorizations for visits
米国と主要同盟国との二国間安全保障関連条約•協定体制の比較分析 297
over extended periods may be arranged. The govern-
ment to which the request is submitted will be respon-
sible for advising the contractor of the proposed visit
and for authorizing the visit to be made.
“9. Costs incurred in conducting security investigations or inspec-
tions required hereunder will not be subject to reimbursement.M
This understanding will apply to all exchanges of such information
between all agencies and authorized officials of our two Governments,
whether at the respective capitals of our two countries, at interna-
tional conferences or elsewhere. Any other arrangements between
our two Governments, or their respective agencies relating to the ex-
change of such information will, to the extent that they are not in-
consistent with these principles, not be affected by this understand-
ing. It is understood, however, that the foregoing does not commit
either Government to the release to the other of any classified infor-
mation or material
If the foregoing is agreeable to your Government, I propose that
this note and your reply to that effect, designating the types of infor-
mation your Government wishes covered, shall supersede the March
25,1963 agreement on this matter effective on the date of your reply.
Accept, Excellency the renewed assurances my highest considera-
tion.
William A. Brown.
Charge d *Affaires, ad interim
ジジイがあれこれ考えた 